Champollion - Jean François Champollion

Japanese: シャンポリオン - しゃんぽりおん(英語表記)Jean François Champollion
Champollion - Jean François Champollion

French linguist and archaeologist. Known for deciphering hieroglyphs (Egyptian pictographs) using the Rosetta Stone. Born in Figeac, Loth, he studied Hebrew, then Arabic, Syriac, and Coptic in Grenoble. He became interested in ancient Egypt due to Napoleon's Egyptian campaign, and began writing about Egypt at the age of 16. He later moved to Paris to continue his Egyptian studies. At the age of 18, he became an assistant professor in the history department at the University of Grenoble, but his health began to deteriorate and he was troubled by political strife. In 1821, he returned to Paris to continue his research on hieroglyphs, and succeeded in deciphering them using the Rosetta Stone. In September 1822, he presented his findings at the Academie de Paris in a work entitled "Letter to M. Dasier." He then traveled to Egypt and Nubia, and wrote a grammar of the ancient Egyptian language, but died at the age of 41 due to his poor health.

[Yajima Fumio June 19, 2018]

[References] | Egyptian writing | Hieroglyphs | Rosetta Stone

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

フランスの言語学者、考古学者。ロゼッタ石を用いてヒエログリフ(エジプト象形文字)を解読したことで知られている。ロート県フィジャック市で生まれ、グルノーブルでヘブライ語を、ついでアラビア語、シリア語、コプト語を学んだ。ナポレオンのエジプト遠征によって古代エジプトに関心をもち、16歳でエジプトに関する著述に着手し、のちにパリに出てエジプト研究を続けた。18歳のときグルノーブル大学歴史学科助教授となったが、このころから健康を損ない、また政治的な争いに悩まされた。1821年にふたたびパリに出てヒエログリフの研究を続け、ロゼッタ石によってその解読に成功し、1822年9月に『ダシエ氏への書簡』という題でパリの学士院で報告した。こののちエジプトとヌビアを旅行し、古代エジプト語の文法を書いたが、生来病弱のために41歳で没した。

[矢島文夫 2018年6月19日]

[参照項目] | エジプト文字 | ヒエログリフ | ロゼッタ石

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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