A phenomenon in which high-energy cosmic ray particles produce many secondary particles, which are then released like shower droplets. Also called a cosmic ray shower. In 1929, DV Skobeltzin discovered several tracks emerging from a single point on the wall of a cloud chamber while observing cosmic rays. Most of the showers observed in a cloud chamber are cascade showers, with the secondary particles being electrons and positrons. By placing a lead plate inside the cloud chamber, the process of multiplication and decay can be seen. Penetrating showers generated by the nuclear cascade process can also be seen, with the secondary particles being nucleons and mesons. Jets observed with nuclear emulsion plates are also called jet showers. Ultra-high energy primary cosmic rays undergo nuclear cascade and electromagnetic cascade processes in the atmosphere to produce many electrons, positrons, photons, nucleons, and mesons, which then reach the ground as air showers. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
高エネルギーの宇宙線粒子が多数の二次粒子をつくり,これらがシャワーの水滴のように放出される現象。宇宙線シャワーともいう。 1929年 D.V.スコベルツィンが宇宙線観測中に霧箱の壁の1点から数個の飛跡が出現するのを発見した。霧箱で観測されるシャワーの多くはカスケードシャワーで,二次粒子は電子と陽電子である。霧箱内に鉛板を入れるとその増殖と減衰の過程が見られる。核カスケード過程で発生した透過性シャワーも見られ,二次粒子は核子と中間子である。原子核乾板で観測されるジェットはジェットシャワーとも呼ばれる。超高エネルギーの一次宇宙線が大気上空で核カスケード過程と電磁カスケード過程で,多数の電子,陽電子,光子,核子,中間子を生じたものは空気シャワーとなって地上に達する。
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