A type of social cohesion used by French sociologist Durkheim. It is a society in which the strength of cohesion is determined by the degree to which individuals are similar to each other, and is also called "solidarity by similarity." In this society, collective consciousness overwhelms individual consciousness, and individuals are bonded together like inorganic molecules without expressing their individuality, so it is called mechanical solidarity. A society made up of groups of such similar people is called a segmental society because it resembles worms made up of homogeneous segments. The horde of primitive societies is a typical example, and it is a society in which repressive sanctions by criminal law are dominant as an indication of the strength of the collective consciousness. He assumed an evolutionary theory of social change in which individual functions are differentiated from this protoplasmic society, resulting in a division of labor, and a transition from mechanical solidarity to a society of organic solidarity. [Tahara Otowa] "The Division of Labor in Society" by E. Durkheim, translated by Otokazu Tahara (1971, Aoki Shoten) [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フランスの社会学者デュルケームが用いた社会結合の一類型。諸個人が相互に類似している程度に応じて結合の強さが決定されるような社会で、「類似による連帯」ともよばれる。ここでは集合意識が個人意識を圧倒し、諸個人はその個性を発揮することなく、無機物の分子のように結合しあっているので機械的連帯という。そのような類似者のつくる諸集団が構成する社会は、あたかも環虫類が同質的な諸環節からなっているのに似ているから環節的社会とよばれる。未開社会のホルドhordeがその典型であり、その集合意識の強さを示すものとして、刑法による抑圧的制裁が優越する社会である。彼は、この原形質ともいうべき社会から個性的な機能が分化して分業を生じ、機械的連帯にかわって有機的連帯の社会に移行するという進化主義的な社会変動論を想定した。 [田原音和] 『E・デュルケーム著、田原音和訳『社会分業論』(1971・青木書店)』 [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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