Ophiopogon - Ophiopogon

Japanese: ジャノヒゲ - じゃのひげ
Ophiopogon - Ophiopogon

An evergreen perennial plant of the lily family (APG classification: Asparagaceae). Also called Ryunohige. It grows wild in the shade of trees on plains and in mountain forests throughout Japan, and is often found in colonies around residential areas. The leaves grow in clusters on rhizomes, are linear, dark green, 10-20 cm long, 2-3 mm wide, and curve outward in an arch shape. In summer, a 7-10 cm flower stalk grows between the leaves, and pale purple flowers grow in a raceme that opens downward. There are six petals, six stamens, and one pistil. Fruits form after flowering, but the skin does not develop, and the seeds are exposed as shiny, deep bluish purple, spherical seeds. A closely related species, Chaboryunohige, also known as Gyokuryu (Gyokuryu), is dwarf with leaves 5-6 cm long and highly reproductive, and is used as a ground cover plant. The leaves of the Noshiran are linear, 30 to 70 centimeters long and 0.9 to 1.2 centimeters wide, and are resistant to shade, so they are found around buildings. Those with white stripes are potted and used as indoor plants.

[Masao Inomata March 20, 2019]

Medicinal

The part of the fibrous root that has swollen into a spindle shape is collected and called Bakumondou (Bakudou in China) for medicinal purposes. The dried product is pale yellow in color, 1-3 cm long and 4-6 mm in diameter, and some have the central column removed. It contains saponin, mucus, glucose, etc., so it has a sweet and sticky taste. It is used as an antipyretic, antitussive, expectorant, and tonic to treat whooping cough, pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis, cough, dry mouth, constipation, etc. It is mainly cultivated in Osaka Prefecture in Japan, and in Zhejiang and Sichuan Provinces in China. The tuberous roots of O. ohwii Okuyama, Liriope platyphylla Wang et Tang, and Liriope spicata Lour. are also used in the same way.

[Motoo Nagasawa March 20, 2019]

Ophiopogon
The leaves are linear and dark green. They are often seen around residential areas. Also known as Ryunohige ©Seishohmaru ">

Ophiopogon

Ophiopogon (specimen drawing)
©Kanzo Otawa ">

Ophiopogon (specimen drawing)

Ophiopogon flower [morphology]
©Shogakukan ">

Ophiopogon flower [morphology]


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ユリ科(APG分類:キジカクシ科)の常緑多年草。リュウノヒゲともいう。日本全土の平地や山林の樹陰内に自生し、民家の周辺にもよく集落する。葉は根茎上に群生し線形で暗緑色、長さ10~20センチメートル、幅2~3ミリメートルで弓形に外曲する。夏、葉間から7~10センチメートルの花茎を伸ばし、淡紫色の小花が総状につき、下向きに開く。花弁は6枚で雄しべは6本、雌しべは1本。花期後に果実ができるが、果皮は発達せず、濃青紫色で光沢のある球形の種子が裸出してつく。近縁種のチャボリュウノヒゲ、一名ギョクリュウ(玉竜)は葉の長さが5~6センチメートルの矮性(わいせい)で繁殖力が強く、地被植物として利用される。またノシランは葉が線形で長さ30~70センチメートル、幅0.9~1.2センチメートル、日陰に強く建造物の周辺などにみられる。白条斑(はん)があるものは鉢植えにし室内植物として利用される。

[猪股正夫 2019年3月20日]

薬用

ひげ根の一部分が紡錘状に肥大したところを集めて、麦門冬(ばくもんどう)(中国では麦冬(ばくどう))と称して薬用とする。乾燥したものは淡黄色で長さ1~3センチメートル、径4~6ミリメートルで、中心部を通っている中心柱を抜き取ったものもある。サポニン、粘液、ブドウ糖などを含んでいるので味は甘く、粘りがある。解熱、鎮咳(ちんがい)、去痰(きょたん)、強壮剤として百日咳(ぜき)、肺炎、肺結核、咳嗽(がいそう)、口渇、便秘などの治療に用いられる。日本では大阪府、中国では浙江(せっこう)省、四川(しせん)省でおもに栽培している。ナガバジャノヒゲO. ohwii Okuyama、ヤブランLiriope platyphylla Wang et Tang、コヤブランLiriope spicata Lour.の塊根も同様に用いる。

[長沢元夫 2019年3月20日]

ジャノヒゲ
葉は線形で暗緑色。民家の周辺にもよくみられる。別名リュウノヒゲ©Seishohmaru">

ジャノヒゲ

ジャノヒゲ〔標本画〕
©大多和鐘三">

ジャノヒゲ〔標本画〕

ジャノヒゲの花〔形態〕
©Shogakukan">

ジャノヒゲの花〔形態〕


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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