A theological school that existed before the establishment of Islamic theology. It arose in Kufa in the latter half of the 9th century. The Kharijites preached that believers (Muslims) who committed grave sins were no longer believers but unbelievers (kafirs), and that holy war (jihad) must be waged against them, but the Murzia strongly opposed this, arguing that believers are believers even if they committed grave sins. The Kharijites also rebelled, claiming that Muawiyah (the founder of the Umayyad dynasty) committed grave sins and therefore did not need to obey the Umayyad dynasty, while the Murzia supported the Umayyad regime. The Arabic word Murzia comes from "postponement" (irja). It is said that they believed that the decision on whether sinners would go to hell would be postponed until the Day of Judgment, or that they postponed the decision on the First Islamic Civil War (the battle between Ali and Muawiyah). In this way, he adopted a politically moderate stance closer to the Hanafi school in the face of Shiite extremism and Kharijite sectarian activity, and is therefore considered a forerunner of later Sunni ulama. [Masataka Takeshita] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イスラム神学確立以前の神学派の一つ。9世紀後半にクーファを中心におこった。ハワーリジュ派は、大罪を犯した信者(ムスリム)はもはや信者ではなく不信者(カーフィル)であるので、彼らに対しては聖戦(ジハード)を行わなければならないと唱えたが、これに対しムルジア派は強く反対し、大罪を犯しても信仰者は信仰者であると主張した。またハワーリジュ派が、ムアーウィヤ(ウマイヤ朝の創始者)は大罪を犯したのでウマイヤ朝に従う必要はないと反旗を翻したのに対し、ムルジア派はウマイヤ朝体制を支持した。ムルジアというアラビア語は「延期」(イルジャー)に由来する。罪人が地獄に行くかどうかの判断は、最後の審判の日まで延期されると考えたからとも、あるいは第一次イスラム内乱(アリーとムアーウィヤの戦い)に対する判断を延期したからだともいわれる。このように、シーア派過激派やハワーリジュ派の分派活動に対し、ハナフィー学派に近い政治的穏健派の立場をとったので、後のスンニー派ウラマーの先駆者として考えられている。 [竹下政孝] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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