Lead chamber method

Japanese: 鉛室法 - えんしつほう
Lead chamber method

A type of sulfuric acid manufacturing method. It should be called the lead chamber sulfuric acid manufacturing method. It is a method of producing sulfuric acid by oxidizing sulfur dioxide with nitrogen oxides in a large lead-lined chamber called a lead chamber. The sulfur dioxide generated in the roasting furnace is mixed with air and first introduced into the Glover tower, where it is brought into contact with nitrosylsulfuric acid (HSO 4 · NO) from the Gay-Lussac tower. Nitric oxide is liberated here and enters the lead chamber together with sulfur dioxide. Water is poured from the top of the lead chamber, where it reacts with the sulfur dioxide and nitrosylsulfuric acid to produce sulfuric acid (lead chamber sulfuric acid). Half of the nitric oxide produced at the same time is oxidized with air to nitrogen dioxide, which is sent to the Gay-Lussac tower to react with sulfuric acid, and is recovered as nitrosylsulfuric acid, which is then sent to the Glover tower to be used again for oxidation. A sulfuric acid factory using this method began operating in Birmingham, England in 1746. The lead chamber sulfuric acid has a low concentration of 60-80% and contains impurities, limiting its uses, so the lead chamber process has almost been abandoned in Japan.

[Ginya Adachi]

[Reference item] | Sulfuric acid

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

硫酸製造法の一種。正しくは鉛室式硫酸製造法というべきであろう。鉛室とよばれる大きな容積の鉛張りの部屋の中で、二酸化硫黄(いおう)を窒素酸化物で酸化して硫酸を製造する方法をいう。焙焼炉(ばいしょうろ)で発生させた二酸化硫黄を空気と混合して、まずグラバー塔に導き、ゲイ・リュサック塔からきたニトロシル硫酸HSO4・NOに接触させる。ここで一酸化窒素が遊離し、二酸化硫黄とともに鉛室に入る。鉛室の上部からは水が注がれ、二酸化硫黄とニトロシル硫酸と反応し、硫酸(鉛室硫酸)が生成する。このとき同時に生成する一酸化窒素の半分が空気で酸化されて二酸化窒素となり、ゲイ・リュサック塔に送られて硫酸と反応し、ニトロシル硫酸となって回収され、グラバー塔に送られてふたたび酸化に用いられる。1746年にイギリスのバーミンガムで、この方法による硫酸工場が操業を開始している。鉛室硫酸の濃度は60~80%と低く、不純物も含まれていて用途が限られるため、鉛室法は日本ではほとんど廃絶している。

[足立吟也]

[参照項目] | 硫酸

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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