hiccup

Japanese: しゃっくり
hiccup

This symptom is mainly caused by spasms of the diaphragm. When air is suddenly inhaled and the glottis passes through, the glottis spasms and closes, producing a distinctive sound. It has been experienced that hiccups occur without any connection to illness, such as when drinking something hot, but in diseases of the abdominal organs, they are often caused by irritation of the diaphragm. In cases of brain tumors, cerebrovascular disorders, increased intracranial pressure, uremia, diabetes, etc., the phrenic nerve center can be stimulated, causing persistent hiccups. Generally, hiccups stop naturally and are considered harmless, but because they are quite uncomfortable for the person suffering from them, various folk remedies have been devised, such as drinking cold water little by little or holding one's breath for as long as possible. When they occur after peritonitis or abdominal surgery, they are considered a dangerous sign and are medically treated.

[Yutaka Watanabe]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

主として横隔膜のけいれんによっておこる症状で、急な吸気がおこり、空気が声門を通るとき、声門がけいれんして閉じるため、特有な音を発する現象である。熱いものを飲んだときなど、まったく病気と関係なくおこることは実際に経験されることであるが、腹腔(ふくくう)臓器の疾患では、しばしば横隔膜が刺激されておこってくる。脳腫瘍(しゅよう)、脳血管障害、脳圧亢進(こうしん)、尿毒症、糖尿病などの場合、横隔膜神経の中枢が刺激されて、頑固なしゃっくりがおこることがある。一般に自然に止まることが多く、無害とされているが、当人にとってはかなり不快であるため、冷水をすこしずつ飲んだり、呼吸をできるだけ長く止めたりといった種々の民間療法がくふうされている。腹膜炎や開腹手術のあとなどにおこる場合は危険な徴候とされ、医学的にも治療の対象となる。

[渡辺 裕]

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