A peasant revolt that broke out in northeastern France in May 1358. It was named after the aristocracy of the time who had a pejorative habit of calling peasants "Jacques." The immediate trigger was the plundering of farm villages that had been exhausted by the Black Death and the flames of the Hundred Years' War by mercenary troops who had been defeated in the Battle of Poitiers. The peasant revolt against the feudal lord first broke out in the Beauvais region, and quickly spread to northern France, including Picardy. The leader, Guillaume Charles, tried to form an alliance with the city residents, but with the sole exception of Paris under the command of Étienne Marcel, Compiègne, Senlis, Amiens, and other regions refused to support the peasants. As a result, the revolt was bloodily suppressed by the army of Charles the Evil, King of Navarre. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
1358年5月フランス北東部に起こった農民反乱。当時の貴族の間に農夫をジャックと蔑称する習慣があったことから,この名がついたという。黒死病や百年戦争の戦火で疲弊していた農村に,ポアティエの戦いに敗れて流亡した傭兵隊が略奪行為を働いたことが直接のきっかけとなった。まずボーベー地方に反領主の農民暴動が生じ,ピカルディなどの北フランス諸地方に急速に拡大した。指導者ギョーム・カールは都市住民との提携をはかったが,エティエンヌ・マルセル指揮下のパリを唯一の例外として,コンピエーニュ,サンリス,アミアンなどいずれも農民への支持を拒んだ。その結果,ナバール (ナバラ) 王シャルル (邪悪王)の軍隊によって流血のうちに鎮圧された。
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