Shakubyōshi

Japanese: 笏拍子 - しゃくびょうし
Shakubyōshi

A percussion instrument used in gagaku chants (except for roei). It is made of two pieces of wood made of boxwood, yew, etc., and the right scepter strikes the side of the left scepter. It is about 36 centimeters long. It is so named because it is shaped like a scepter held in the hand of a person wearing sokutai, the formal attire for official court affairs, cut vertically in half. In Shinto-based gagaku (kagurauta, azumaasobi, oonaobi no uta, yamauta, oouta, kumeuta, ruika), it is used as a native Japanese instrument along with the wagon, and is struck at the end of each phrase by the lead singer of the song. In the Heian period song Saibara, the lead singer also strikes out simple rhythms in three beats and five beats. This lead singer is called the kutou or byoushi, and plays the role of leading the entire ensemble. It is also used in the geza music of kabuki.

[Yoko Hashimoto]

[Reference] | Gagaku | Geza music | Saibara

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

雅楽の謡物(うたいもの)(朗詠は除く)に用いられる打楽器。ツゲ、イチイなどでできた2枚の木片で、右の笏で左の笏の側断面を打つ。全長約36センチメートル。朝廷公事(くじ)の正装である束帯の際に手に持つ笏を、縦に真半分に割った形であるためこの名がある。神道(しんとう)系の雅楽(神楽歌(かぐらうた)、東遊(あずまあそび)、大直日歌(おおなおびのうた)、倭歌(やまとうた)、大歌(おおうた)、久米歌(くめうた)、誄歌(るいか))では日本在来の楽器として和琴(わごん)とともに用いられ、歌を担当する歌方(うたかた)の主唱者がフレーズのくぎりごとにこれを打つ。平安時代の歌曲催馬楽(さいばら)でもやはり主唱者が「三度拍子」「五度拍子」という単純なリズム型を打つ。この主唱者は句頭(くとう)とか拍子とよばれ、合奏全体を統率する役を果たす。そのほか歌舞伎(かぶき)の下座(げざ)音楽にも使われる。

[橋本曜子]

[参照項目] | 雅楽 | 下座音楽 | 催馬楽

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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