In the second half of the 19th century, the number of Chinese immigrants to the United States increased, and they worked on projects such as the construction of transcontinental railroads. From "White Australia"…Australia's white-first policy. The influx of Chinese miners during the gold rush from the mid-19th century and the introduction of Pacific Island Kanaka people (blackbirding) to sugar plantations in the Queensland colony in the late 19th century made white workers wary, and each colony passed laws restricting Chinese and Kanaka immigration. This movement was expanded to a national immigration restriction law (note that it was not specifically called Asian) with the establishment of the Australian Federation in 1901. … From Brazil... On the other hand, G. Vargas, who took power in a military coup, promoted nationalistic policies and strongly applied assimilationism to foreigners. In 1933-34, the anti-Japanese movement was carried out mainly by the New Constitutional Council, and immigration restrictions were enacted with the aim of excluding Japan. Under the new regime established in 1937, restrictions on foreigners were further strengthened, and school education in foreign languages, the publication of newspapers and other publications, associations and assemblies were strictly controlled or even banned. The outbreak of the Pacific War that followed led to a dark period for Japanese immigrants. ... *Some of the terms mentioned in the "immigration restriction laws" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…アメリカ合衆国でも19世紀後半,中国人移民が増加し,大陸横断鉄道の建設などに従事した。 【白豪主義】より…オーストラリアにおける白人優先政策。19世紀半ばからのゴールドラッシュ時の中国人鉱夫流入,19世紀後半のクイーンズランド植民地のサトウキビ農園における太平洋諸島のカナカ族の導入(ブラックバーディングblackbirding)で,白人労働者は警戒心を強め,各植民地単位で中国人やカナカ族の移民制限法を成立させた。この動きは1901年のオーストラリア連邦成立とともに,全国的な移民制限法(アジア人とは銘打たない点に注意)として拡大された。… 【ブラジル】より… 一方,軍事クーデタで政権をとったG.バルガスは国家主義的政策を推進し,外国人に対しては同化主義を強力に適用した。1933‐34年には新憲法審議会を主舞台に排日運動が展開され,排日を目的とした移民制限法が成立した。37年に樹立された新体制下で外国人に対する規制はさらに強化され,外国語による学校教育,新聞等出版物の発行,結社,集会が強力な統制を受け,あるいは禁じられ,やがてそれに続く太平洋戦争の勃発によって日本人移民は暗黒期に入った。… ※「移民制限法」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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