Shoup Recommendations - Shoup Kankoku

Japanese: シャウプ勧告 - しゃうぷかんこく
Shoup Recommendations - Shoup Kankoku

This refers to reports on tax reform in Japan that were submitted to General MacArthur, Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, in August 1949 (Showa 24) (the first report) and September 1950 (the second report) by missions led by American financial scholar Carl Summer Shoup (1902-2000). At the time, the Nine Principles for Economic Stability and the Dodge Line were in place to contain postwar inflation, but this recommendation aimed to achieve economic stability by complementing these from a taxation perspective, while also aiming to establish a normal, permanent tax system that would not require any future revisions except for minor points.

The recommendations covered national and local taxes, as well as tax administration in general. First, regarding national taxes, the government should adopt a direct tax system, and income tax should be a comprehensive tax system with a lower top tax rate and a wealth tax instead. Regarding corporate taxes, the government recommended that dividends be taxed as an advance payment of income tax, while at the same time allowing individuals to deduct dividends when they receive them. It also recommended that assets be revalued and a revaluation tax be imposed on valuation gains to eliminate depreciation shortfalls caused by inflation. Regarding local taxes, the government recommended that independent tax items (types of tax) be allocated to each region, that the surtax system (a method of setting a certain percentage of national tax revenue as local tax) be abolished, and that the national government should create a financial equalization grant system to fully compensate for any shortfall in local tax revenues that may not meet local financial needs. Regarding tax administration, the government recommended the adoption of a blue tax return system and a planned tax return system to eliminate unfairness in the tax burden.

With the exception of a few points, most of these recommendations were adopted into the 1950 tax system, and although many revisions have been made since then and the basic principles of the recommendations have become diluted, they remain the basis of Japan's tax system to this day.

[Tetsuya Hitosugi]

"Postwar Japan's Tax Structure" by Hideo Hayashi (1958, Yuhikaku)""Postwar Tax History Chronology" by Akira Futami (1983, Zaikeishohosha)"Study of the Shoup Recommendations" by Kenji Yoshioka (1984, Tokishiosha)

[Reference] | Dodge Line

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アメリカの財政学者カール・シャウプCarl Summer Shoup(1902―2000)を団長とする使節団によって、1949年(昭和24)8月(第一次)と50年9月(第二次)に、連合国最高司令官マッカーサーに提出された日本の税制改革に関する報告書をいう。当時、戦後インフレーションを収束するため経済安定九原則とドッジ・ラインが敷かれていたが、同勧告は、これを税制面から補完して経済安定を達成することを目的とすると同時に、将来にわたって細かい点を除いて修正の必要のない、正常的・恒久的税制の確立を意図していた。

 同勧告の内容は、国税、地方税、税務行政の全般にわたっていた。まず国税については、直接税中心主義をとり、所得税は徹底した総合課税とし、その最高税率を引き下げるかわりに富裕税を設けること、法人税は、配当分について所得税の前払いとして課税すると同時に、個人が配当所得を取得したとき配当控除を認めること、そしてインフレによる減価償却不足を解消するため資産再評価を行い、評価益に再評価税を課すること、などを内容としていた。地方税については、地方に独立の税目(税金の種類)を配分して、付加税方式(国税収入の一定パーセントを地方税とするやり方)をやめること、地方税収入が地方財政需要額に不足する分については、財政平衡交付金制度をつくって国が全額補填(ほてん)することを求めていた。そして税務行政については、税負担の不公平さを一掃するために、青色申告制度、予定申告制度などの採用を勧告していた。

 同勧告は、若干の点を除いて、ほとんど1950年度税制に採用され、その後、多くの改定が行われて勧告の基本路線が希薄になったとはいえ、現在に至るわが国税制の基礎となっている。

[一杉哲也]

『林栄夫著『戦後日本の租税構造』(1958・有斐閣)』『二見明著『戦後租税史年表』(1983・財経詳報社)』『吉岡健次著『シャウプ勧告の研究』(1984・時潮社)』

[参照項目] | ドッジ・ライン

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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