Siberian high pressure - Siberian high pressure

Japanese: シベリア高気圧 - しべりあこうきあつ
Siberian high pressure - Siberian high pressure

A high pressure system centered in Siberia. It mainly appears during the cold season (October to March) and is most developed in winter. In typical cases, the central pressure can reach 1070 to 1080 hectopascals, covering most of the Eurasian continent. It is highly persistent and stationary, and is clearly shown in the cold season climate chart (average pressure distribution). Its origin is that due to the influence of the distribution of ocean and land and the large topography (Tibet and Himalayan mountain ranges), a steady valley of westerly wind waves is formed over the eastern coast of the Asian continent, and on the west side of this valley, a cold air mass that flows into Siberia from the Arctic Ocean on a large scale is blocked by the Tibet and Himalayan mountain range and accumulates on the continent. In addition, the lower layer cold air formed by radiation cooling of the continent's surface also accumulates on the continent. This cold air mass forms the rear of a low pressure system moving northeastward while developing off the coast of Japan, and blows out on a large scale as northwesterly monsoons (Siberian winds), causing cold waves throughout East Asia. After the cold air blows out, the Siberian high weakens and splits into several centers. However, when the cold air accumulates again, it strengthens again, repeating this cycle of waxing and waning over a few days to a dozen days. The three cold and four warm weather changes are often caused by this. It is sometimes called the Mongolian high.

[Atsushi Kurashima]

[Reference] | High pressure

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

シベリアに中心をもつ高気圧。おもに寒候期(10月~3月)に現れ、冬季にもっともよく発達する。典型的な場合には、中心気圧が1070~80ヘクトパスカルに達し、ユーラシア大陸の大部分を覆うことがある。持続性、停滞性が大きく、寒候期の気候図(平均気圧分布)にも、明瞭(めいりょう)に表されている。その成因は、海陸分布と大地形(チベット・ヒマラヤ山塊)の影響で、アジア大陸東岸上空に偏西風波動の定常的な谷ができ、この谷の西側で北極海からシベリアに大規模に流入する寒気団が、チベット・ヒマラヤ山塊にせき止められて大陸上に蓄積されること、また、大陸の地表面の放射冷却によって形成される下層の寒気も大陸上に蓄積されること、などである。この寒気団は、日本近海を発達しながら北東進する低気圧の後面で、北西季節風(シベリア風)となって大規模に吹き出して、東アジア一帯に寒波をおこす。寒気が吹き出したあとは、シベリア高気圧は弱まり、中心もいくつかに分かれる。しかし寒気がふたたび蓄積されると、また強まり、そのようにして数日~十数日の周期で消長を繰り返す。三寒四温の天気変化もこれによる場合が多い。モンゴル高気圧とよばれることもある。

[倉嶋 厚]

[参照項目] | 高気圧

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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