It is translated as "civilian control." Generally speaking, it means that soldiers should submit to civilian authority, but in modern nations with huge standing armies, the meaning of civilian control is not unambiguous. The idea and system of civilian control was born in England, which had undergone the Puritan Revolution and the Glorious Revolution, and in America, which learned from these and followed the American Revolution. These civil revolutions viewed standing armies as a threat to freedom, and it was agreed upon by the nation to reduce the organization and budget of standing armies as much as possible under the control of citizens. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
〈文民統制〉と訳す。一般的には軍人は文民civilianの権力に服従すべきことを意味するが,巨大な常備軍を備える現代国家において,シビリアン・コントロールの意味するところは一義的でない。シビリアン・コントロールの思想と制度は,清教徒革命および名誉革命を経たイギリス,これに学んだ独立革命後のアメリカにおいて生まれた。これらの市民革命は常備軍を自由への脅威とみなし,常備軍の組織と予算を可能なかぎり市民の統制の下において縮小することを国民的合意とした。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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