◎ If you have a tendency to bleed, which can cause purple spots , when red blood cells come out of blood vessels under the skin or mucous membranes (internal bleeding), the area often appears purple, which is called purpura. Purpura is bright red for shallow bleeding and dark purple for deep bleeding, and changes to brown or yellow over time. The disease in which purpura is the main symptom is called purpura. Therefore, the causes of purpura, which are also causes of bleeding tendencies, can be broadly divided into pathological changes in blood vessels, abnormalities in platelets, and abnormalities in the blood coagulation mechanism. These abnormalities can be further divided into those that are related to congenital genetics and those that occur later in life, and those that occur independently as a disease (idiopathic) and those that occur in association with another disease (secondary or symptomatic). Various types of purpura Among the causes of purpura, the one that occurs due to abnormalities in the blood vessels is called vascular purpura. The most common type of vascular purpura is allergic purpura, which is caused by allergies. Other types of purpura include simple purpura, in which the blood vessel walls are prone to rupture, senile purpura, which occurs with aging, and symptomatic vascular purpura, which occurs due to factors that cause abnormalities in the blood vessels. Purpura caused by abnormalities in platelets can be divided into those caused by abnormalities in platelet quantity and those caused by abnormalities in platelet quality. A typical disease caused by an abnormality in the number of platelets is thrombocytopenic purpura, which includes idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, which is thought to be a type of autoimmune disease, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, which occurs when platelets clump together inside blood vessels. A representative example of a condition caused by an abnormality in quality is platelet dysfunction. Source: Shogakukan Home Medical Library Information |
◎紫色の出血斑(しゅっけつはん)ができる 出血傾向(しゅっけつけいこう)などがあって、血管から皮膚や粘膜(ねんまく)の下に赤血球(せっけっきゅう)が出てくる(内出血(ないしゅっけつ))と、そこが紫色にみえることが多く、これを紫斑(しはん)といいます。 紫斑は、浅いところの出血では鮮やかな赤、深いところの出血では暗い紫色で、時間とともに褐色から黄色に変化します。この紫斑がおもな症状である病気を紫斑病(しはんびょう)といいます。 したがって、紫斑病の原因は、出血傾向をひきおこす原因でもあって、大きく分けると、血管の病的な変化、血小板(けっしょうばん)の異常、血液凝固(けつえきぎょうこ)のしくみの異常となります。 さらに、これらの異常が先天的な遺伝に関係しておこるものと、後天的におこるものに分けられます。また、その異常が1つの病気として独立しておこるもの(特発性(とくはつせい))と、なにか別の病気にともなっておこるもの(続発性(ぞくはつせい)、症候性(しょうこうせい))に分けることもできます。 ◎紫斑病のいろいろ 紫斑病の原因のうち、血管に異常があっておこるものを、血管性紫斑病(けっかんせいしはんびょう)といいます。 血管性紫斑病の代表的なものは、アレルギーが原因でおこるアレルギー性紫斑病(せいしはんびょう)です。 このほか、血管壁が破れやすい単純性紫斑病(たんじゅんせいしはんびょう)、老化にともなう老人性紫斑病(ろうじんせいしはんびょう)、血管に異常をおこすような原因があっておこる症候性血管性紫斑病(しょうこうせいけっかんせいしはんびょう)などがあります。 血小板の異常でおこる紫斑病は、血小板の数の異常が原因のものと、質の異常が原因のものに分けられます。 血小板の数の異常によっておこる代表的な病気は血小板減少性紫斑病(けっしょうばんげんしょうせいしはんびょう)で、自己免疫疾患(じこめんえきしっかん)の一種と考えられる特発性血小板減少性紫斑病(とくはつせいけっしょうばんげんしょうせいしはんびょう)、血小板が血管内で固まっておこる血栓性血小板減少性紫斑病(けっせんせいけっしょうばんげんしょうせいしはんびょう)などがあります。 質の異常によっておこるものの代表には、血小板機能異常症(けっしょうばんきのういじょうしょう)があります。 出典 小学館家庭医学館について 情報 |
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