Bartholomew (naturalist) (English spelling) Bartholomew

Japanese: Bartholomew(自然研究家)(英語表記)Bartholomew
Bartholomew (naturalist) (English spelling) Bartholomew

In the late 10th century, a group of intellectuals from a secret society called the Brotherhood of Purity (Ikhwan al-Safa) wrote a book called The Science of the Brotherhood of Purity (Rasail-i-Ikhwan al-Safa), but the most extensive and influential work was written by Ibn Sina in the 11th century, who wrote a large 18-volume work called The Book of Healing. After the 12th century, interest in natural history increased in Europe, and many excerpts from Pliny were produced. In the 13th century, many natural histories were produced, including Bartholomew's On the Nature of Things, Arnold von Sachsen's On the Limits of Nature, Thomas de Cantimpré's On Nature, Vincent de Beauvais's The Mirror of Nature, and Albertus Magnus's The Corpus Creata. This trend continued during the Renaissance, when the so-called "geographical discoveries" brought rare plants and animals to Europe, and advances in printing led to the publication of various atlases, until the 16th century, when Gessner and Aldrovandi produced accurate and comprehensive natural histories.

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Bartholomew (naturalist)" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…イスラム圏では,10世紀末に〈純潔兄弟団(イフワーン・アッサファー)〉と呼ばれる秘密結社の知識人集団が自然誌《純潔兄弟の学(ラサーイル・イフワーン・アッサファー)》を著したが,さらに膨大で影響力の大きかったのは11世紀のイブン・シーナーで,彼の自然誌は《治癒の書》と題された18巻の大著である。12世紀以後ヨーロッパでも自然誌への関心が高まり,プリニウスの抜粋本が多くつくられたほか,13世紀に入ってバーソロミューBartholomewの《事物の特性について》,ザクセンのアルノルトArnold von Sachsenの《自然の限界について》,カンタンプレのトマThomas de Cantimpréの《自然について》,バンサン・ド・ボーベの《自然の鏡》,アルベルトゥス・マグヌスの《被造物大全》など多くの自然誌を生んだ。この傾向はルネサンス時代にさらに進み,いわゆる〈地理上の発見〉によって珍しい動植物がヨーロッパにもたらされたうえ,印刷技術が進んだので各種の図譜が刊行され,ついに16世紀にゲスナーやアルドロバンディによって正確で網羅的な自然誌が出された。…

※「Bartholomew(自然研究家)」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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