In molecular or crystal structures, this term is used when a point group at a certain position does not have an inversion axis (reversion axis), which is an element of second-order symmetry. It can also be expressed as having an inversion axis instead of an inversion axis, and since the 1-fold inversion axis (2-fold inversion axis) is equivalent to the center of symmetry, and the 2-fold inversion axis (1-fold inversion axis) is equivalent to the mirror plane, it can also be expressed as having no center of symmetry, mirror plane, or inversion axis. In such a structure, the real image and the mirror image do not match when superimposed, and are antipodes of each other. The term was proposed by the British scientist Kelvin in 1893, from the Greek word cheiro, which means "palm of the hand," but it began to be widely used only after the development of stereochemistry in the second half of the 20th century. The adjective is chiral, and non-chiral is achiral. [Shinmyo Iwamoto, August 19, 2015] [Reference] | | |©Shogakukan "> Chiral Relationships Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
分子構造あるいは結晶構造において、ある位置の点群が第2種対称要素である転義回転軸(回反軸)をもたないときに、それを示す用語。回反軸のかわりに回映軸とする表現もあり、1回回反軸(2回回映軸)は対称心、2回回反軸(1回回映軸)は鏡面と等価であるため、対称心、鏡面、回反軸をもたない、とも表現される。このような構造では、その実像と鏡像とは重ね合わせても一致せず、互いに対掌体となる。「手のひら」を意味するギリシア語cheiroから1893年イギリスのケルビンが提案したが、広く用いられ始めたのは、20世紀後半に入って立体化学が発展するようになってからである。なお形容詞はキラルchiral、キラルでないものをアキラルachiralという。 [岩本振武 2015年8月19日] [参照項目] | | |©Shogakukan"> キラルな関係 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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