Cathode - Inkyoku

Japanese: 陰極 - いんきょく

〘 noun 〙 When a current flows between two electrodes, the pole with the lower potential. Negative electrode. Minus pole. ⇔ Anode. ※Zoka Myoyokidan (1879-80), Miyazaki Ryujo, 2nd chapter: "The human body is an electric conductor, and the man is the anode, and the woman is the cathode." [Ethology] The term "cathode; the negative pole" in Lobscheidt's English Dictionary ( 1866-69 ) is older. However, the Dictionary with Sound Illustrations ( 1873 ), which referenced the dictionary, did not adopt this translation, and used "passive" (negative pole), which was already used in Dutch studies, for negative pole. Later, as the Chinese "cathode" was introduced through Western learning books and "passive" began to be used as a philosophical term, "cathode" gradually replaced "passive" as a physical term.

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

〘名〙二つの電極間に電流が流れている場合、電位の低い方の極。負の電極。マイナスの極。⇔陽極。※造化妙々奇談（1879‐80）〈宮崎柳条〉二編「人身は電気の導体にして、男は陽極也。女は陰極(インキョク)也」[語誌]ロプシャイトの「英華字典」（一八六六‐六九）にある「cathode 陰極 ; the negative pole 陰極」が古い。しかし、同字典を参照した「附音挿図英和字彙」（一八七三）は、その訳語を採用せず、negative pole に蘭学ですでに使われていた「消極」を当てている。その後、洋学書を通じて中国の「陰極」が伝来したことと「消極」が哲学の用語として使用されはじめたことによって、物理用語としては徐々に「陰極」が「消極」に取って代わった。

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