Incontinence - Shikkin

Japanese: 失禁 - しっきん
Incontinence - Shikkin

Involuntary excretion of feces or urine regardless of one's will. Incontinence is common among the elderly, those with impaired consciousness, those with spinal cord injuries, and those with urinary disorders. There are cases where the individual is not aware that excretion has occurred, and cases where excretion occurs at the same time as the individual feels the urge to defecate or urinate. In the former case, the excretion must be collected using a diaper, but in the latter case, diapers are not necessarily required, as the individual can be made to try to excrete at regular intervals or a soft rubber toilet bowl can be placed over the individual at the appropriate time to excrete. In the latter case, not using diapers would protect the individual's self-esteem, prevent regression, and prevent bedsores. If diapers are used, they should be made of soft fabric and the cover should be breathable. Disposable diapers are available in a variety of sizes, thicknesses, and materials, so it is best to use different types depending on the purpose. Immediately after excretion, the diaper should be removed, the area cleaned, and replaced with a new one.

[Yamane Nobuko]

[Reference] | Urinary incontinence

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

大便・小便が自分の意志にかかわらず不随意に排泄(はいせつ)されることをいう。失禁は老人、意識障害のある者、脊髄(せきずい)損傷者、泌尿器疾患患者に多い。排泄されたことが本人に全然わからない場合と、便意・尿意を感じると同時に排泄されてしまう場合とがある。前者はおむつなどを使用して排泄物を受けねばならないが、後者は時間ごとの排泄を試みさせたり、排泄時間を見計らって柔らかいゴム便器をあてがって排泄させることができるため、かならずしもおむつは必要ではない。後者においては、むしろおむつを使用しないほうが本人の自尊心を守ると同時に、退行現象を防ぐことにもなるし、床ずれも防げる。おむつを使用する場合は柔らかい布を用い、カバーも通気性のくふうがされているものを選ぶ。紙おむつも、大きさ、厚さ、材質など、さまざまなものが市販されているので、目的によって使い分けるとよい。排泄されたらすぐに取り除き、局所を清潔にして新しいものに交換する。

[山根信子]

[参照項目] | 尿失禁

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