Almagest - Almagest (English spelling)

Japanese: アルマゲスト - あるまげすと(英語表記)Almagest
Almagest - Almagest (English spelling)

The original text of Greek astronomy. It was written by Ptolemy, who was active in Alexandria in the mid-2nd century. The name "Almagest" was given to it by Islamic astronomers and means "the greatest book." The original title was Megare Syntaxis Mathematicae (Great Collection of Mathematics). It was translated into Arabic around the 9th century and became the authoritative text at the Baghdad Observatory. It was translated into Latin in the 12th century and served as the source of geocentric cosmology until the 16th century. The contents are as follows: Volumes 1 and 2 are an introduction to the basic assumptions such as the spherical Earth and geocentric theory, and how to calculate the chord length of spherical trigonometry; Volume 3 is the eccentric theory to explain the speed and slowness of the apparent motion of the Sun; Volumes 4 and 5 are an explanation of the uneven central difference and ephemeris of the Moon's motion; Volume 6 is ancient data on solar and lunar eclipses and how to calculate them; Volumes 7 and 8 are Hipparchus's display of the positions and magnitudes of 1,028 stars; Volume 9 is the epicycle theory of planetary motion, that is, a method of synthesizing uniform circular motion; Volume 10 is the theory of Venus and Mars; Volume 11 is the theory of Jupiter and Saturn; Volume 12 is the Apollonian theory of planetary motion; and Volume 13 is a view of the ecliptic obliquity regarding the latitude of the planets.

[Shimamura Fukutaro]

"Almagest" translated by Kiyoshi Yabuuchi (1982, Koseisha)

[References] | Ptolemy

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ギリシア天文学の原典。著者は2世紀中ごろアレキサンドリアで活躍したプトレマイオス。「アルマゲスト」の名はイスラムの天文学者によってつけられたもので、「最大の書」を意味する。原著名はメガレ・シュンタキシス・マテマティケ(数学大集成)。9世紀ごろアラビア語に翻訳され、バグダード天文台での権威書となり、12世紀ラテン語に転訳され、16世紀まで天動説的宇宙論の典拠となった。その内容は、第1・2巻は基本的仮定である地球球形説、地球中心説などの序論と球面三角法の弦長計算法、第3巻は太陽視運動の遅速を説明する離心円説、第4・5巻は月運動の不均一たる中心差、出差の説明、第6巻は古代の日月食資料とその計算法、第7・8巻はヒッパルコスによる恒星1028個の位置と等級の表示、第9巻は惑星運動に関する周転円説、つまり等速円運動の合成法、第10巻は金星と火星、第11巻は木星と土星の運動論、第12巻は惑星運動に関するアポロニウス説、第13巻は惑星の緯度について黄道傾斜の見解となっている。

[島村福太郎]

『藪内清訳『アルマゲスト』(1982・恒星社)』

[参照項目] | プトレマイオス

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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