Kasavubu, J.

...The Congo was divided into many tribes, including the Kongo, Luba, Mongo, Lunda, and others, and lacked unity, so the biggest issue at stake was whether to adopt a centralized or decentralized system at the time of independence. In the end, under the leadership of Lumumba's Congolese National Movement, a system was adopted that was formally a unitary state (and therefore centralized), but in reality it was a pseudo-federal system that allowed a large amount of state power, and independence was achieved with a noticeable compromise, with Lumumba, a centralist, as prime minister and Joseph Kasavubu (1910-69), a decentralist, as president. However, in early July, less than a week after independence, a military rebellion broke out in the capital and spread to the provinces. Moise Tshombe (1919-69), a member of the decentralisation movement, seized the opportunity to declare the independence of Katanga Province (now Shaba Province), and in September Albert Kalonji also declared the independence of Southern Kasai, heralding the start of a full-scale civil war.

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Kasavubu, J." is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…しかもコンゴはコンゴ族，ルバ族，モンゴ族，ルンダ族その他多数の部族を擁して統一性に乏しく，独立に際して中央集権制と地方分権制のいずれをとるかが最大の争点となっていた。結局ルムンバのコンゴ国民運動の主導下に形式的には単一国家制(したがって中央集権制)をとりながら，実質的には州の権限を大幅に認めた擬似連邦制ともいうべき制度を採用し，集権派のルムンバが首相，分権派のカサブブJoseph Kasavubu(1910‐69)が大統領に就任するという，無理な妥協が目だつなかで独立を達成した。しかし独立から1週間もたたない7月上旬，首都で起こった軍隊の反乱が地方に拡大すると，その機をとらえて分権派のチョンベMoise Tshombe(1919‐69)はカタンガ州(現，シャバ州)の分離独立を宣言し，9月にはカロンジAlbert Kalonjiも南カサイの分離独立を宣言して，本格的な内乱の幕が切って落とされた。…

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