Dystonia

Japanese: ジストニー（英語表記）dystonia

An abnormally fixed limb position (posture) and associated movements caused by sustained muscle contraction. It is similar to athetosis, but is distinct in that the contraction occurs in the trunk and proximal parts of the limbs. When assuming a certain limb position (for example, standing), muscle tone increases abnormally, preventing voluntary movement and fixing the limb in a deformed position. It is a syndrome that appears in association with various diseases, such as spasmodic torticollis, Wilson's disease, and Parkinson's syndrome. Torsion dystonia, or dystonia musculorum deformans, which is one of the diseases that presents with dystonia, presents with generalized dystonia, such as lumbar lordosis, thoracic retroflexion, pelvic torsion, and adduction and internal rotation of the limbs, and is most pronounced when standing or walking.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

筋肉の持続的な収縮によって異常に固定した肢位(姿勢)およびその運動。アテトーシスに似るが，収縮が体幹や体肢の近位部に生じる点で区別される。一定の肢位(たとえば起立位)をとるときに，筋緊張が異常に高まり，随意運動が妨げられ，変形した肢位に固定される。ひとつの症候群で，痙性斜頸spasmodic torticollis，ウィルソン病，パーキンソン症候群など，種々の疾患にともなって出現する。また，ジストニーを呈する疾患のひとつである捻転ジストニーtorsion dystoniaあるいは変形性筋ジストニーdystonia musculorum deformansは，腰部前彎，胸部後屈，骨盤捻転，四肢の内転･内旋など，全身性のジストニーを呈し，起立時，歩行時に著しい。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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