A theory based on the premise that when people make rational predictions using all available information, they can make correct predictions regarding expected values. It is also called the rational expectations hypothesis. Represented by T. J. Sargent and R. Lucas, it has had a great influence in the United States since the 1970s, and criticized the effectiveness of Keynesian fiscal and monetary policies, arguing that in the short term, people accurately predict the results of government policies and act accordingly, so the expected effects of the government are not guaranteed. While monetarists argue that Keynesian policies are not successful in the long term, monetarists argue that they are not effective in the short term either. However, for example, when making rational predictions about Keynesian fiscal and monetary policies, it is assumed that people have accurate knowledge of market conditions, and this premise has been criticized as being too detached from reality. Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
人びとが利用可能なあらゆる情報を用いて合理的に予想するとき,期待値に関しては正しい予想ができるという前提に立つ学説。合理的期待仮説ともいう。サージェントT.J.SargentやルーカスR.Lucasに代表され,1970年代に入ってから米国で大きな影響力をもち,ケインジアンの財政金融政策の有効性に対して,短期的に人びとは政府の政策の帰結を的確に予想し行動するから,政府の期待通りの効果は保証されない,と批判した。マネタリストが長期的にはケインジアンの政策は成功しないとしたのに対し,短期的にも成立しないとする。しかし,例えばケインジアンの財政金融政策を合理的に予想するとき,人びとは市場の諸条件について正確な知識をもっているというような仮定が置かれており,その前提があまりにも現実から遊離しているとする批判がある。
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