Private school - Shijuku

Japanese: 私塾 - しじゅく

From the early modern period to the early modern period, private schools (juku) were established by private scholars based on their own academic standing. They generally offered a higher level of education than terakoya schools. When the shogunate and various feudal domains had not yet established schools (Shoheizaka Gakumonsho and domain schools), private schools functioned as formal places of learning and education. When schools that matched the governing policies of the shogunate and domains were established, private schools complemented public schools or became new places of learning and education. Famous examples include Kan'i-en (Hirose Tanso) and Kogi-do (Ito Jinsai) in Chinese classics, Suzunoya-juku (Motoori Norinaga) in Japanese classics, Teki-juku (Ogata Koan) in Western studies, Narutaki-juku (Siebold), Keio Gijuku (Fukuzawa Yukichi), and Shoka Sonjuku (Yoshida Shoin) as a private school with a political association.

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

近世より近代初期にかけて，民間の学者が自己の学問的立場に立って開設した民間学校（塾）。一般に寺子屋より高い程度の教育を施した。幕府，諸藩の学校（昌平坂学問所・藩学）が未整備の段階では，私塾が正規の学問・教育の場として機能した。幕藩の統治政策に合致した諸学校が整備されると，私塾は公的学校の補完的存在として，あるいは新しい学問・教育の場となった。漢学の咸宜園(かんぎえん)（広瀬淡窓），古義堂（伊藤仁斎），国学の鈴屋(すずのや)塾（本居宣長），洋学の適塾（緒方洪庵），鳴滝塾（シーボルト），慶応義塾（福沢諭吉），政治結社的私塾として松下村塾（吉田松陰）などが有名。

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