Glottchronology

Japanese: glottochronology
Glottchronology

Following this example, in Japan, English scholar Mitsutomo Doi published "Basic Japanese" (1000 words, 100 more added later) in 1933. Separately, American linguist Morris Swadesh (1909-67) used the term "basic vocabulary" in 1950 to refer to the core vocabulary in his so-called "glottochronology," that is, the part that does not change much even with social upheaval, and hypothesized that the rate of change is constant despite language differences. This was applied and verified to Japanese and other languages, but there are doubts about what should be considered basic vocabulary, and whether this method should be applied to languages ​​whose relatedness has not been proven in comparative linguistics.

*Some of the terminology that mentions "glottochronology" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…これにならい日本では英文学者の土居光知が1933年,《基礎日本語》(1000語,のち100語追加)を発表した。 これとは別に,アメリカの言語学者スワデシュMorris Swadesh(1909‐67)は1950年に〈基礎語彙〉の名を用いて,彼のいわゆる〈言語年代学glottochronology〉における核心的語彙,すなわち,社会的激変によってもあまり変動しない部分をさし,これは言語の差異にもかかわらず変化の速度が一定であるとの仮説を立てた。これは日本語などについても応用・検証されたが,なにを基礎語彙とみなすか,また比較言語学で同系性が証明されない言語間に,この方法を応用してよいかどうか疑問がもたれている。…

※「glottochronology」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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