Žižka, Jan z Trocnova

Japanese: ジシュカ（英語表記）Žižka， Jan z Trocnova

[Born] Around 1376
Died October 11, 1424. Przybyslav, Bohemia. Bohemian Hussite leader and soldier. Known for his unique appearance with a single eye. Born into a minor noble family, he became an enthusiastic supporter of Jan Hus around the time he participated in the Battle of Tannenberg in 1410. After Hus was burned at the stake (1415), he built a communal fortress city of Tabor in southern Bohemia together with radicals from the lower classes who believed in the millennium. He formed and led the Taborites within the Hussites. He also organized a disciplined army made up mainly of peasants, and developed many new weapons, including armored vehicles equipped with cannons. He also worked to innovate military technology, adopting a completely new tactic that combined infantry, cavalry, and artillery. His military prowess was also demonstrated in the Hussite Wars, when in July 1420 he defeated the crusaders of Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund at Bitkov near Prague. In 1421, he became a member of the Provisional Government of Časlav, which was formed by Hussite nobles, and declared Sigismund dethroned as King of Bohemia. In January 1422, he defeated Sigismund's army again. He suppressed the moderate Utraquists (both ideologists) and led the Hussite coalition army in its advance into Moravia, during which time he died of the Black Death.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1376頃
[没]1424.10.11. ボヘミア，プシビスラフ
ボヘミアのフス派指導者，軍人。独眼の特異な風貌で知られる。小貴族の出身で，1410年タンネンベルクの戦いに参加した頃からヤン・フスの熱狂的支持者となり，フス火刑 (1415) 後，「至福千年説」を信奉する下層階級出身の急進主義者とともにボヘミア南部に共同体的要塞都市ターボルを構築。フス派内にターボル派を形成，指導した。また農民主体の規律ある軍隊を編成し，大砲を備えた装甲車など数々の新兵器を開発。さらに歩兵，騎兵，砲兵を一体とするまったく新しい戦術を採用するなど軍事技術の革新に努めた。その軍事力の高さはフス戦争でも発揮され，1420年7月神聖ローマ皇帝ジギスムントの十字軍をプラハ近郊ビトコフで撃破。 1421年フス派の貴族が結成したチャースラフの臨時政府の一員となりジギスムントのボヘミア王廃位を宣言，1422年1月再度ジギスムント軍を撃破した。内部穏健派のウトラキスト (両形色論者 ) 派を抑え，フス派連合軍のモラビア進撃を指導中，黒死病で病没。

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