The seventh book in the Old Testament, a historical work. It is a historical document about the judges, or "judges," who were active in the religious united tribal community of Israel (Amphiktyonie) from around 1200 BC to around 1030 BC. The book is composed of a preface, main text, and epigraph, and the main text (Chapter 2, 6-Chapter 16, 31) is clearly edited and added by a Deuteronomic historian in the first half of the 6th century BC. The main text features 12 judges, six "great judges" who were liberators of the people from their enemies, and six "minor judges," but these were passed down in the oral tradition of the tribes' heroes from ancient times. In addition, the female prophet "Song of Deborah" (Chapter 5, 2-31) was actually created around 1100 BC during the Amphiktyonie period. The Book of Judges is therefore not only a valuable historical document, but also a book of faith that tells the story of how a divinely inspired charismatic leader drove out foreign enemies and judged and guided the tribes of Israel according to the law that was God's will. [Yoshida Yasushi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
『旧約聖書』中第七の書で、歴史書。紀元前1200年ごろから前1030年ごろまでにイスラエルの宗教連合部族共同体(アンフィクチオニーamphiktyonie)で活躍した士師、つまり「裁(さば)き司(づかさ)たち」judgesについての歴史文書である。本書は前文、本文、後文の内容構成になっているが、そのうち本文(2章6~16章31)には明らかに前6世紀前半の「申命記」的史家の編集付加が認められる。本文には12人の士師たち、敵から民を救った解放者である6人の「大士師」と、ほかに6人の「小士師」が登場するが、彼らは昔から部族の英雄口碑に伝承されていたものである。そのほかに女性預言者「デボラの歌」(5章2~31)は実にアンフィクチオニー時代の前1100年ごろに成立した。したがって「士師記」は歴史的にも貴重な資料であるとともに、神の霊感を受けたカリスマ的指導者が外敵を駆逐し、イスラエルの部族を神の意志としての法によって裁き、導いた経緯を物語る信仰の書でもある。 [吉田 泰] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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