An ancient Palestinian city on the eastern foot of Mount Gerizim. It is located about 50 km north of Jerusalem. It is an archaeological hill called Tell al-Balata, east of present-day Nablus. It has been occupied by Israel since 1967. It was excavated by G. Wright after World War II. According to his excavation, it was a large city surrounded by huge walls and gates from the Middle Bronze Age onwards. It had a deep relationship with the Israelites since the patriarchal period, and after the Israelites left Egypt and invaded Canaan, Moses' successor Joshua gathered people here and formed a religious alliance. It has played an important religious role ever since. After Solomon's death, the separation and independence of the Kingdom of Israel took place in Shechem (1 Kings 12). After the Assyrian conquest in 722 BC, it declined, and the Samaritans, who inherited the Israelite traditions through a mixture of new settlers and existing residents, built a sanctuary on Mount Gerizim. It was destroyed in the early 5th century BC, but was rebuilt at the end of the 4th century BC and became the Samaritan capital. It was destroyed again by John Hyrcanus I around 128 BC, but the Romans founded a new town, Flavian Neapolis, to the west of the ruins. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
ゲリジム山の東麓にあった古代パレスチナの都市。エルサレムの北方約 50kmに位置する。現ナブルスの東側にあたるテルアルバラタと呼ばれる遺跡丘。 1967年以降イスラエルの占領地。第2次世界大戦後 G.ライトにより発掘された。それによると中期青銅器時代以後巨大な城壁,城門に囲まれた大都市であった。族長時代からのイスラエル人と関係が深く,イスラエル人がエジプトを出てカナンに侵入したのち,モーセの後継者ヨシュアは人々をこの地に集め,宗教連合を形成。以来宗教的に重要な位置を占めた。ソロモンの死後,イスラエル王国の分離独立はシケムを舞台として行われた (列王紀上 12章) 。前 722年にアッシリアによる征服後,衰退し,新入植民と現住民の混血でイスラエルの伝承を引継いだサマリア人がゲリジム山上に聖所を築いた。前5世紀初めに破壊されたが,前4世紀終りに復興されてサマリア人の首都となった。前 128年頃ヨハンネス・ヒュルカノス1世により再び破壊されたが,ローマ人は廃虚の西側に新しい町フラウィア・ネアポリスを建設した。
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