In Greek mythology and legend, Calchas was the greatest Greek soothsayer who served in the Trojan expedition. He was the son of Thestor, a priest of Apollo. When Agamemnon asked Calchas to join the Trojan expedition, Calchas predicted that Troy would not fall without the help of Achilles, who was still a child at the time. When the expedition was decided and the Greek army gathered in Aulis, Calchas saw a snake eat a sparrow along with its eight chicks, and predicted that it would take nine years to capture Troy, and that it would fall in the tenth year. Furthermore, when the wind did not blow in Aulis due to the anger of the goddess Artemis, and it was in danger of setting sail, he suggested the sacrifice of Iphigeneia. He also predicted and instructed all the necessary means to capture Troy, such as the cause of the plague that struck the Greek camp in Troy, Philoctetes' bow, and the "Trojan Horse Plan." However, Calcas himself was destined to die when he encountered a fortune teller who was better than him. After the fall of Troy, his return voyage was in danger due to the wrath of the goddess of Athena caused by Ajax the Younger, so he went to Colophon in Asia Minor. There he met Mopsus and competed in a fortune telling contest, but was defeated and died of humiliation and rage. According to one story, Calcas was told by people that he would never drink the wine from his own vineyard while he was alive, so he laughed it off and drank it, and then choked to death on the wine. [Kazuhiko Tange] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ギリシアの神話・伝説上、トロヤ遠征に従軍したギリシア最高の占い師。アポロンの神官テストルの息子。トロヤ遠征以前にアガメムノンから従軍を懇請されたとき、カルカスは、当時まだ幼童であったアキレウスの力なしにはトロヤは落ちないと預言した。また遠征が決まってギリシア軍がアウリスに集結した際、蛇(へび)が雀(すずめ)をその8羽の雛(ひな)とともに食い尽くしたのを見たことから、トロヤ攻略にはまる9年かかったのち10年目に陥落すると預言した。さらにアウリスでアルテミス女神の怒りのために風が吹かず出港が危ぶまれたときも、イフィゲネイアの犠牲を進言した。このほか、トロヤでギリシア軍の陣中を襲った悪疫の原因や、フィロクテテスの弓、「木馬の計」など、トロヤ攻略に必要な手段をことごとく預言し教示した。しかし彼自身は、自分よりも優れた占い師に出会ったとき落命するという運命にあった。トロヤ落城後は、小アイアスによって引き起こされたアテネ女神の怒りのために帰路の航海が危ぶまれたので、彼は小アジアのコロフォンへ行く。そして、そこでモプソスに出会って占いの技を競い、敗れて屈辱のあまり憤死した。一説では、カルカスは自分のブドウ園でできたワインを生きて飲むことはないと人からいわれ、笑い飛ばして飲んだところ、その酒にむせて窒息死したともいわれる。 [丹下和彦] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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