Aquileia (English spelling)

Japanese: アクイレイア（英語表記）Aquileia

An ancient Roman city located on the north coast of the Adriatic Sea. In 181 BC, the Romans established a colony here to defend the northern border and exploit nearby gold mines. It flourished as a key transportation and strategic location, and became a large city during the Imperial period, but was sacked by Attila in 452, and its citizens fled to Venice. In the 6th century, it came under the control of the Lombards and declined. Meanwhile, a Catholic bishopric was established in the mid-3rd century and became a metropolitan bishopric in the 5th century, but separated from Rome in 533 and called itself a patriarchate (patriarchate). It was reconciled with Rome under Pope Sergius I (reigned 687-701). It later developed into a principality in the 11th century, including Friuli, Carniola (1077), and Istria (1209), but Friuli was seized by Venice in 1419-20, and it came under their complete control in 1445. It was demoted to an archbishopric in 1751. It is now a village in the province of Udine in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of Italy. The Roman ruins and the cathedral were registered as a World Heritage Site in 1998.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

アドリア海北岸に位置するローマの古代都市。前 181年ローマ人が北辺防衛と近隣の金鉱採掘のためにこの地に植民市 (コロニア ) を創設。交通と戦略の要衝として栄え，帝政時代には大都市となったが，452年アッチラに略奪され，市民はベネチアに逃れた。6世紀にはランゴバルド族の支配下に入り衰退。一方，3世紀中頃にできたカトリック司教座は5世紀に首都司教座 (メトロポリタン) となったが，533年ローマから分離，みずから総大司教座 (パトリアルカ) を名のった。ローマ教皇セルギウス1世 (在位 687～701) のときローマと和解。その後発展し，11世紀にはフリウリ，カルニオラ (1077) ，イストリア (1209) を領地とする公国となったが，1419～20年フリウリがベネチアに奪われ，1445年完全にその支配下に属した。 1751年大司教座に降格。現在はイタリアのフリウリベネチアジュリア州ウディネ県の村。ローマ時代の遺跡と司教座聖堂は，1998年世界遺産の文化遺産に登録。

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