The phenomenon in which electrical resistance changes due to a magnetic field. The change in resistivity due to a magnetic field is proportional to the square of the magnetic flux density, and when this resistivity is positive, that is, when the resistance increases as the magnetic field increases, it is called positive magnetoresistance. This phenomenon is caused by the electrons on the Fermi surface that contribute to conduction undergoing cyclotron motion (→ Larmor radius) in a plane perpendicular to the magnetic field. This phenomenon is used as the Shubnikov–de Haas effect to determine the Fermi surface. Ferromagnetic metals and metals containing paramagnetic impurities exhibit negative magnetoresistance because the magnetic field reduces scattering due to spin fluctuations. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
電気抵抗が磁場により変化する現象。磁場による抵抗率の変化は磁束密度の2乗に比例して,この抵抗率が正の場合,すなわち磁場の増加により抵抗が増す場合に正の磁気抵抗と呼ぶ。この現象は伝導に寄与するフェルミ面上の電子が磁場に垂直な面内でサイクロトロン運動 (→ラーモア半径 ) をすることに起因する。この現象はフェルミ面決定のために,シューブニコフ=ド・ハース効果として用いられる。強磁性金属,常磁性不純物を含んだ金属では,スピンのゆらぎによる散乱が磁場により減少するために負の磁気抵抗を示す。
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