Born September 22, 1877 in Chemung, New York [Died] December 27, 1968. American zoologist and ecologist. Graduated from the University of Chicago. In 1916, he was the first president of the Ecological Society of America. He was a professor at the University of Illinois (1927-46). Since 1933, he has studied the correlation between population fluctuations in animal communities and environmental changes. He has reported many examples of repeated periodic fluctuations in populations with cycles ranging from a few years to a century. In 1939, he wrote Bioecology together with botanist Frederick Edward Clements, in which he presented the concept of biomes. This was useful for characterizing regions using biota. For example, in Shelford's major work, The Ecology of North America, he divided North America into several biomes, such as the tundra and coniferous forest zone. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
[生]1877.9.22. ニューヨーク,チェマング [没]1968.12.27. アメリカ合衆国の動物学者,生態学者。シカゴ大学卒業。1916年,アメリカ生態学会の初代会長。イリノイ大学教授(1927~46)。1933年より,動物群集の個体数変動と環境変化との間の相関について研究。数年から 100年に及ぶ周期をもって個体数が周期的変動を繰り返す実例を数多く報告した。1939年には,植物学者のフレデリック・エドワード・クレメンツと共同で『生物生態学』 Bioecologyを書き,バイオームという概念を提示した。これは生物相を用いて地域を特徴づける際に役立てられ,たとえば,シェルフォードの主著である『北米の生態学』The Ecology of North Americaのなかで,彼は北アメリカを,ツンドラ,針葉樹林帯などいくつかのバイオームに分けている。 出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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