Born: August 22, 1874 in Munich Died: May 19, 1928. Frankfurt am Main. German philosopher and social philosopher. Studied at the universities of Heidelberg, Berlin, and Jena. In Jena he was taught by Eucken, and in Munich he met F. Brentano and other students of Husserl, and was strongly influenced by phenomenology. In 1910 he left the lecture hall, and worked for the German Foreign Office in Geneva in 1917 and in The Hague in 1918. In 1919 he became a professor of philosophy and sociology at the University of Cologne, and in 1928 he became a professor at the University of Frankfurt, where he died the same year. He applied the phenomenological method to the fields of philosophy, ethics, sociology, psychology, and religious studies, and had a great influence. In ethics, he advocated a substantial value ethics that recognizes differences in degree of value, in opposition to the formalism of Kant's ethics, and this was succeeded by N. Hartmann. Sociologically, he skillfully adapted Marxist methods and terminology, and from a Catholic standpoint, examined the interrelationship between superstructure and infrastructure from an idealistic or anthropological perspective. His main works include Der Formalismus in der Ethik und die materiale Wertethik (1913-16), Vom Ewigen im Menschen (The Eternal in Man) (21), Die Stellung des Menschen in Kosmos (Man's Place in the Universe) (28), and Philosophische Weltanschauung (The Philosophical World View) (29). Scherer |
[生]1874.8.22. ミュンヘン [没]1928.5.19. フランクフルトアムマイン ドイツの哲学者,社会哲学者。ハイデルベルク,ベルリン,イェナの各大学に学んだ。イェナではオイケンの指導を受け,ミュンヘンでは F.ブレンターノとフッサール門下の学者らと会い,現象学の影響を強く受けた。 1910年講壇を去り,17年ジュネーブ,18年ハーグでドイツ外務省の仕事にたずさわった。 19年ケルン大学哲学・社会学教授,28年フランクフルト大学教授となったが,同年,没した。現象学的方法を哲学,倫理学,社会学,心理学,宗教学の諸分野に適用し,大きな影響を与えた。倫理学的には,カント倫理学の形式主義に対して,価値の程度差を認める実質的価値倫理学を主張し,N.ハルトマンに受継がれた。社会学的には,マルクス主義の方法と術語を巧みに換骨奪胎しながら,カトリックの立場から観念論的ないし人間学的に上部構造と下部構造との相互関係を考察した。主著『倫理学における形式主義と実質的価値倫理学』 Der Formalismus in der Ethik und die materiale Wertethik (1913~16) ,『人間における永遠なもの』 Vom Ewigen im Menschen (21) ,『宇宙における人間の位置』 Die Stellung des Menschen in Kosmos (28) ,『哲学的世界観』 Philosophische Weltanschauung (29) 。 シェーラー
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