NKVD - NKVD

Japanese: NKVD - えぬかーべーでー
NKVD - NKVD

NKVD (People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs) (Russian: Narodnïy Komissariat Vnutrennikh Del). Established in the Russian Republic from November 1917 to December 1922, and in the Soviet Union from July 1934 to January 1960. In 1946, it was reorganized as the Ministry of Internal Affairs. In post-revolutionary Russia and the Soviet Union, the secret police and foreign intelligence were carried out by the Cheka, the GPU (GPU) from 1922, and the OGPU (OGPU) (Joint Main Office for State Security) from 1923, but in 1934 they were merged into the NKVD. Its leaders were Yagoda in July 1934, Yezhov in September 1936, and Beria in December 1938. During this period, it put party and government leaders on trial and carried out great purges. Clarifying the activities of this period is important for criticizing Stalin, but it is still in its early stages. The KGB (Committee for State Security) took over the work.

[Kimura Hideaki]

[References] | Yezhov | KGB | Cheka | Beria | Yagoda

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

内務人民委員部НКВД/NKVD(ロシア語)。Народный Комиссариат Внутренних Дел/Narodnïy Komissariat Vnutrennikh Delの略称。1917年11月から1922年12月までロシア共和国で、1934年7月から1960年1月までソ連邦において設けられた。なお、1946年以降は内務省に改編。革命後のロシアおよびソ連では、秘密警察、対外諜報(ちょうほう)の仕事はチェカー、1922年からGPU(ゲーペーウー)、1923年からはOGPU(オーゲーペーウー)(合同国家保安本部)が行っていたが、1934年それがNKVDに統合された。その長は1934年7月ヤゴダ、1936年9月エジョフ、1938年12月ベリヤであったが、この時期に、党・政府の指導者を裁判にかけ、大粛清を行った。この期の活動の解明はスターリン批判にとって重要であるが、まだ緒についたばかりである。その後KGB(カーゲーベー)(国家保安委員会)が仕事を引き継いだ。

[木村英亮]

[参照項目] | エジョフ | KGB | チェカー | ベリヤ | ヤゴダ

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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