An aromatic nitro compound. Also called nitrobenzene. A pale yellow liquid with a sweet almond-like odor, it is sparingly soluble in water and soluble in organic solvents. It can be obtained by reacting excess benzene with a mixed acid (28% nitric acid, 57% sulfuric acid, 15% water) at temperatures below 70°C. Although not highly toxic, both the liquid and the vapor are toxic, causing anemia and damage to the nervous system and liver. Nitrobenzene can be further nitrated with a mixed acid of fuming nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid to produce m (meta)-dinitrobenzene. Nitrobenzene can also be reduced in an acidic environment to produce aniline, and in a neutral environment to produce phenylhydroxylamine, making it an important compound as an intermediate in organic synthesis ( ).[Kaji Aritsugu and Hirota Masaru, March 19, 2015] [References] | | [Supplementary information] |©Shogakukan "> Reaction of nitrobenzene (diagram) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
芳香族ニトロ化合物の一つ。ニトロベンゾールともいう。アーモンドのような甘い香気をもつ淡黄色の液体で、水に難溶、有機溶媒に可溶。過剰のベンゼンを混酸(硝酸28%、硫酸57%、水15%)と70℃以下で反応させれば得られる。毒性は高くはないが液体、蒸気ともに有毒で、貧血および神経系と肝臓の障害をおこす。ニトロベンゼンは発煙硝酸と濃硫酸の混酸によってさらにニトロ化されてm(メタ)-ジニトロベンゼンを生ずる。また、ニトロベンゼンを酸性で還元すればアニリンを生じ、中性で還元すればフェニルヒドロキシルアミンを与えるので、有機合成中間体として重要な化合物である( )。[加治有恒・廣田 穰 2015年3月19日] [参照項目] | | [補完資料] |©Shogakukan"> ニトロベンゼンの反応〔図〕 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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