Johannes Althusius

German legal scholar. Born in Didenshausen, he studied in Basel and Geneva. In 1586 he became a professor at the High Court of Herborn. From 1604 he served as mayor of Emden until his death. In his main work Politica Methodice Digesta , he advocated theories such as social contract, popular sovereignty, the right of resistance, separation of church and state, and limitations on power, and is known as a pioneer of modern political science. According to him, larger organizations are formed by contracts between smaller organizations, in the order of family, civic association, city, state, and nation. The sovereignty of a state resides with the people, and in the event of despotic rule by a monarch, the people are recognized as having the right to resist. He also influenced Laski's theory of pluralistic states.

[Shingo Tsuda]

"The Genealogy of Tolerance" by H. Kamen, translated by Osamu Naruse (1970, Heibonsha) " "Althusius's Contract Thought" by Shingo Tsuda (included in "The Social Contract Theory"; 1977, Shinhyoron)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

ドイツの法学者。ディーデンスハウゼンに生まれ、バーゼルおよびジュネーブに学ぶ。1586年ヘルボーン高等法院教授。1604年以後、死ぬまでエムデン市長。主著『政治学』Politica Methodice Digestaにおいて、社会契約、人民主権、抵抗権、政教分離、権力制限の理論などを主張し、近代政治学の先駆者として知られる。彼によれば、家族、市民団体、都市、州、国家の順に、小さな団体が契約を結ぶことによって、より大きな団体が形成される。国家の主権は人民にあり、君主による専制支配に際しては、これに抵抗する権利が人民に認められる。ラスキの多元的国家論にも影響を与えた。

［津田晨吾］

『H・カメン著、成瀬治訳『寛容思想の系譜』（1970・平凡社）』▽『津田晨吾著『アルトジウスの契約思想』（『社会契約説』所収・1977・新評論）』

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