Tomsk is the capital of Tomsk Oblast in southern Western Siberia, central Russia. It is a river port city located on the southeastern edge of the Western Siberian lowland, downstream of the Tomi River, a tributary of the Ob River. It is one of the oldest cities in Siberia, founded in 1604. Before the Russian Revolution, it was known as a commercial center and an academic city in Siberia (Tomsk University, the oldest comprehensive university in Siberia, was founded in 1888, and the Polytechnic University was founded in 1900). After the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway at the end of the 19th century, the center of prosperity shifted to Novosibirsk, southwest of the city, where the railway runs. After the Revolution, industry developed, and there are industries such as ball bearings, electrical equipment, cables, motors, chemicals (dyes), rubber shoes, furniture, pencils, and matches. The development of the Tyumen oil field, which began in the 1960s, has promoted new development in Tomsk, and it is also developing as a major center of the petrochemical industry with oil transported by pipeline. In addition to the university, there are universities of education, medicine, transport, etc. A branch line of the Trans-Siberian Railway in the southeastern taiga passes through the city, and it serves as a freight transfer point for the Tomi-Obi River system. Population: 522,940 (2010). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
ロシア中部,西シベリア南部,トムスク州の州都。西シベリア低地南東縁部,オビ川支流トミ川の下流部にのぞむ河港都市。シベリア最古の都市の一つで,1604年建設された。ロシア革命前は商業中心地として,またシベリアの学術都市 (シベリア最古の総合大学であるトムスク大学が 1888年につくられ,1900年工科大学も創立) としても知られていた。 19世紀末シベリア横断鉄道が建設されてのちは鉄道の通る南西のノボシビルスクに繁栄の中心が移ったが,革命後工業が発展し,ボールベアリング,電気機器,ケーブル,モータ,化学 (染料) ,ゴム靴,家具,鉛筆,マッチなどの工業がある。また 1960年代に始ったチュメン油田の開発はトムスクの新しい発展を促し,パイプラインで送られる石油により石油化学工業の大中心地としても発展中である。総合大学のほか,教育,医学,運輸などの大学がある。南東のタイガでシベリア鉄道から分岐する支線が市を通り,トミ=オビ水系への貨物積替え地となっている。人口 52万2940(2010)。
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