Sansho Dayu

Japanese: 山荘太夫 - さんしょうだゆう

The story of Anju and Zushio is a legend of the downfall of a wealthy man, and has been told since pre-modern times as literary art such as sekkyo joruri. Iwaki Hangan Masauji, the governor of the 54 counties of Oshu, is exiled to Tsukushi on false charges based on lies told by others, and his children Anju and Zushio set out on a journey, longing for their mother and father. On the way, they are deceived by a slave trader in Naoetsu (Niigata Prefecture), and their mother is sold to a slave bird-chasing slave in Sado, and the two siblings are sold to a Sanso Tayu in Yura (Kyoto Prefecture), where they are exploited. The older sister lets her younger brother escape, but is tortured to death. Zushio overcomes danger and makes it to Kyoto, where he is later granted his territory in Oshu, and is also given five districts in Tango (Kyoto Prefecture). He punishes Sanso Tayu, avenges his enemy, and is able to meet his blind mother through the song he sings. In this story from Aomori Prefecture, there is a story called "Oiwaki-sama Ichidaiki," which tells the story of Anjuhime, the goddess of Mt. Iwaki, and makes us think about the connection to material that preceded Setsugekka. Sanso Tayu's Sansho is written in various ways, such as Sanso, Yamamasu, and Sansho, but Kunio Yanagita considers the narrator of this story and proposes that it is Sansho Tayu. Originally, the folk tales conveyed the desire for liberation of the displaced people of the Middle Ages, who were tormented by hard labor and lynching, and were likely reflected in the stories of those who made a living through wedding ceremonies, singing and dancing, and divination. Naoetsu was a stopover point for human trafficking in the Middle Ages, and the motif of the "human trafficker boat" is also noteworthy.

[Shogo Watanabe]

Sanso Tayumono

It is an adaptation of the story of Anju and Zushio (Taiomaru) related to a rich man of Yura in Tango Province, and can be found in sekkyobushi, joruri, kabuki, novels, and fushidan sermons. The sekkyobushi "Sansou Tayu" is set against the backdrop of Jizo worship, and original versions by Sekkyo Yoshiro and Sado Shichidayu have been handed down. Joruri includes "Sansou Tayu Five Girls" (1727, first performed at the Takemoto Theater) by Takeda Izumo, and "Yuraminato Sengenchoja" (1761, Takemoto Theater), a collaboration with Chikamatsu Hanji and others, which in addition to the story of a brother and sister, also involves five girls born with disabilities as punishment for the tayu's misdeeds, creating a complex plot. In Kabuki, there was "Sansho Dayu" (1707, Kyoto Sounza), and in modern times, Kodera Yukichi published a play called "Anjuhime and Zushiomaru". Novels include "Sakiwake Gonin Musume" (1735) by Ejima Kiseki, "Sansho Dayu Seven Girls Who Love Tea Even Insects" (1794) by Santo Kyoden, "Yamamasu Dayu Monogatari" (1795) by Sakuragawa Jihinari, and "Sansho Dayu Rise and Fall Story" (1823) by Umebori Kokuga, and in modern times, "Sansho Dayu" (1915) by Mori Ogai is particularly famous. He also gave sermons at temples, and Hayakawa Kenjo published "Nightly Sermons by Sansho Dayu" (1894).

[Kazuo Sekiyama]

"Thoughts on Sanso Tayu" (included in "The Complete Collection of Yanagita Kunio Vol. 7", 1964, Chikuma Shobo)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

長者の没落伝説で、説経浄瑠璃(じょうるり)などの語物文芸として近世以前から語られていた安寿(あんじゅ)と厨子王(ずしおう)の物語。奥州五十四郡の大守岩城判官正氏(いわきのはんがんまさうじ)が、他人の虚言による無実の罪で筑紫(つくし)に流され、その子の安寿と厨子王の姉弟は母と、父を慕って流浪の旅に出る。途中の直江津(なおえつ)（新潟県）で人買い商人にだまされて母は佐渡の鳥追う奴婢(ぬひ)に、姉弟2人は由良(ゆら)（京都府）の山荘太夫に売り渡され酷使される。姉は弟を逃がし、自分は拷問で殺される。厨子王は危難をくぐり抜け上洛(じょうらく)し、のちに奥州の領地を安堵(あんど)され、加えて丹後(たんご)（京都府）五郡を賜り、山荘太夫を懲らしめ仇(あだ)を討ち、盲目となった母にもその歌う唄(うた)で巡り会える、という内容。青森県のいたこの語物に『お岩木様一代記』という岩木山山の神安寿姫の身の上話の口説(くどき)があり、説経節以前の素材との関連を考えさせてくれる。山荘太夫のサンショにも三荘、山枡、山椒など種々の当て字が行われるが、柳田国男(やなぎたくにお)はこの物語の語り手を考え、散所（算所）の太夫と説いている。もともと苦役と私刑にさいなまれた中世散所民の解放への願いが民話に伝えられたもので、祝言、歌舞、卜占(ぼくせん)で生計をたてた彼らの語りが反映したものであろう。直江津は中世人身売買の中継地であり、「人買い舟」のモチーフも注目される。

［渡邊昭五］

山荘太夫物

丹後国由良の長者にまつわる安寿と厨子王（対王丸）の物語を脚色したもので、説経節、浄瑠璃、歌舞伎(かぶき)、小説、節談(ふしだん)説教などにある。説経節『さんせう太夫』は地蔵信仰を背景にしたもので、説経与七郎、佐渡七太夫の正本などが伝わる。浄瑠璃には竹田出雲(いずも)作『三荘太夫五人嬢(ごにんむすめ)』（1727・竹本座初演）、近松半二らの合作『由良湊千軒長者(ゆらのみなとせんげんちょうじゃ)』（1761・竹本座）があり、姉弟の話に加え、太夫の悪事の報いで障害をもって生まれた5人の娘たちを絡ませ、複雑な趣向をたてている。歌舞伎では『三荘太夫』（1707・京都早雲座）があったが、近代にも小寺融吉が『安寿姫と厨子王丸』という戯曲を発表している。小説には、江島其磧(えじまきせき)著『咲分五人媳(さきわけごにんむすめ)』（1735）、山東京伝著『茶で喰ふ虫も好々三枡(さんしょう)太夫七人娘』（1794）、桜川慈悲成(じひなり)著『山枡太夫物語』（1795）、梅暮里谷峨(うめぼりこくが)著『山椒太夫栄枯物語』（1823）があり、近代の森鴎外(おうがい)著『山椒大夫』（1915）はとくに有名。寺院での節談説教でも口演され、早川賢譲述『連夜説教三荘太夫』（1894）が発行された。

［関山和夫］

『「山荘太夫考」（『定本柳田国男集7』所収・1964・筑摩書房）』

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