A heat-resistant, pressure-resistant vessel for chemical reactions under high temperature and pressure. Some are used for sterilization and extraction. It must be used with great care because of the risk of gas leakage and explosion. It is usually used at 200-500°C and 100-1000 atmospheres, so a cylindrical steel vessel with a rounded bottom is used. A copper gasket is placed between the lid and the vessel body and bolted in place. A pressure gauge and a safety valve are installed, and pressure and other measurements are observed from outside the protective wall. Some vessels are used at relatively low temperatures and pressures and simply consist of a lid (screwed on) and vessel. Depending on the reactants, the inside may be lined with nickel, silver, platinum, etc. Some are used stationary or with the body rotated and shaken, and there are various types depending on the purpose. Autoclaves used in microbiology and other fields are used under saturated water vapor pressure at around 120°C. [Iwamoto Shinbu] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
高温高圧下で化学反応を行わせるための耐熱耐圧容器。殺菌、抽出などの用途に使われるものもある。ガス漏れや爆発の危険を伴うため、その使用には十分に注意する必要がある。通常は200~500℃、100~1000気圧程度の条件で使われるため、鋼鉄製円筒形で底を丸く絞ったものが用いられる。蓋(ふた)と容器本体の間にはおもに銅製のパッキングをかませ、ボルト締めで固定する。圧力計と安全弁を設け、圧力などの測定は防護壁の外側から観測するようにする。比較的低温低圧で用いるものでは、単に蓋(ねじこみ)と容器だけからなるものもある。反応物によっては、内部をニッケル、銀、白金などで内張りすることもある。静止したまま、あるいは本体を振蕩(しんとう)回転させて用いるものもあり、目的に応じてさまざまな種類がある。微生物学などで用いられる加圧殺菌釜(がま)は、120℃程度での飽和水蒸気圧下で利用する。 [岩本振武] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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