Claude Henri de Rouvroy, Comte de Saint-Simon

Japanese: サン･シモン（英語表記）Claude Henri de Rouvroy,comte de Saint‐Simon

1760‐1825
A French social reform thinker. He is considered one of the three great utopian socialists, along with C. Fourier and R. Owen, but it would be more appropriate to see him as a proponent of positivism and industrialism. Born as the eldest son of a distinguished French liberal aristocrat, he served in the military and fought in the American War of Independence, and during the French Revolution he amassed a huge fortune through the sale of state land, but was imprisoned and narrowly escaped the guillotine. He began writing during the Directory following the Thermidorian Reaction, and advocated positivism in his Lettres d'un habitant de Genève à ses contemporains (1802) and Memoire sur la science de l'homme (1813), and attempted to establish "social physiology" as a scientific study of society.

Saint-Simon [Louis-Claude de Rouvroy, duke of Saint-Simon]

1675‐1755
French memoirist. Born in Paris to a duke who was a member of the House of Peers, he maintained his pride as a great aristocrat throughout his life. He was famous as a military man, but incurred the displeasure of King Louis XIV over a promotion issue and allied with the Duke of Orléans, who was an opponent of the king. After the king's death, he assisted the Duke of Orléans, who became regent, and played a key role in the regency, even serving as ambassador to Spain. After the regent's death, he retired from court and commuted between Paris and his estate, La Ferté-Bidame, while devoting himself to writing his Mémoires (1830).

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

1760‐1825
フランスの社会改革思想家。C.フーリエ，R.オーエンと並んで三大空想的社会主義者に数えられるが，むしろ実証主義と産業主義の提唱者とみるのが適切である。フランスの自由主義的名門貴族の長男に生まれ，軍職についてアメリカ独立戦争に参加して功を立て，フランス革命中には国有地売買で巨万の富を築いたが投獄され，危うくギロチンを免れる。テルミドール反動後の総裁政期に文筆の道に入り，《ジュネーブ住人の手紙Lettres d’un habitant de Genève à ses contemporains》(1802)から《人間科学覚書Mémoire sur la science de l’homme》(1813)にかけて実証主義を唱え，社会の科学的研究としての〈社会生理学〉の樹立を企てた。

サン･シモン【Louis‐Claude de Rouvroy,duc de Saint‐Simon】

1675‐1755
フランスの回想録作者。貴族院議員公爵を父にパリで生まれ，生涯大貴族たる矜持を貫き通した。軍人として武名をはせたが，昇進問題でルイ14世の不興を買い，王の反対派のオルレアン公と結ぶ。王の死後は，摂政となったオルレアン公を補佐して摂政時代の黒幕的存在となり，スペイン大使を務めたりする。摂政が死ぬと宮廷から身をひき，パリと領地のラ･フェルテ･ビダムを往復しながら《回想録Mémoires》(1830)の執筆に励んだ。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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