Sangen - Three strings

Japanese: 三弦 - さんげん
Sangen - Three strings

A Chinese and Japanese lute-type plucked string instrument. Also written as sangen. The Chinese sanxian is also called xianzi, and is about 90-120 cm long with a rounded body and a long neck. The three strings are made of silk. Its shape is similar to the Japanese shamisen, but both sides of the body are covered with snakeskin, and it is played with a giko attached to the tip of the index finger or the fingertip. There are various ways to tune the strings, but they are often tuned a fifth or fourth from the bottom (shamisen's niagari) or a fourth or fifth (shamisen's honcho). The tone is thicker and heavier than that of the shamisen. This sanxian was introduced to Japan, and became the ancestor of the Okinawan sanshin and the shamisen in mainland Japan. In Japan, it is usually used as another name for the shamisen, but is sometimes used as a general term for the three stringed instruments used in gagaku (Japanese court music): the wagon, the gakuso, and the gakubiwa. Another interesting similar name is the setar, a lute-type plucked instrument used in Iranian classical music. This means "three strings" in Persian. Although a drone string has now been added, making it four strings, it still has three main strings and functionally retains the characteristics of a three-stringed instrument today.

[Ryūji Uta]

[Reference item] | Sanshin | Shamisen
Three strings
19th century, wood and snakeskin, total length 123cm, owned by the Metropolitan Museum of Art, China

Three strings


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

中国、日本のリュート型撥弦(はつげん)楽器。三絃とも書く。中国の三弦は弦子ともいい、全長約90~120センチメートルで、丸みを帯びた胴と長い棹(さお)をもつ。3本の弦は絹製。外形は日本の三味線(しゃみせん)に近いが、胴の両面には蛇の皮を張り、人差し指の指頭、あるいは指先につけた義甲で演奏する。調弦法にはいろいろあるが、下から5度、4度(三味線の二上り)、または4度、5度(三味線の本調子)にとることが多い。音色は三味線より太く、重い。この三弦が日本に伝来し、沖縄の三線(さんしん)や日本本土の三味線の祖となった。日本では、通常三味線の別称として用いられるが、ときには雅楽で用いる3種の弦鳴楽器(和琴(わごん)、楽箏(がくそう)、楽琵琶(がくびわ))の総称として使用されることもある。なお、同様な命名として興味深いのは、イランの古典音楽で用いられるセタールというリュート型撥弦楽器である。これは、ペルシア語で「三弦」を意味する。現在はドローン弦が付加されて4弦になっているが、主要弦は3本であり、機能上、今日もなお三弦の性格を保っている。

[卜田隆嗣]

[参照項目] | 三線 | 三味線
三弦
19世紀 木・蛇皮 全長123cm 中国メトロポリタン美術館所蔵">

三弦


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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