If a planet moves due to the gravitational force from the Sun alone, it would describe a constant elliptical orbit, and the position of the perihelion, where it is closest to the Sun, would not change. However, due to the gravitational forces from other planets, the position of the perihelion rotates around the Sun. This rotation angle is about 1100" per 100 years on Earth and about 574" on Mercury. However, according to perturbation calculations in Newtonian mechanics, the angle should be about 534" on Mercury, a difference of about 40". According to the general theory of relativity, the entire orbit revolves around the Sun, and the calculated value of about 43" almost explains this difference and is seen as strong experimental proof of the general theory of relativity. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
惑星が太陽だけからの万有引力によって運動するとすれば一定の楕円軌道を描くので,太陽に最接近する近日点の位置は変らないが,他の惑星からの万有引力をも受ける摂動のために近日点の位置が太陽のまわりを回転する。この回転角は 100年間あたり地球では約 1100″,水星では約 574″である。ところが,ニュートン力学の摂動計算によれば水星では約 534″となるはずであって,約 40″の差がある。一般相対性理論によれば軌道全体が太陽のまわりを回転するが,その計算値約 43″はこの差をほぼ説明し,一般相対性理論の有力な実験的証明とみられている。
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