Salvador (English spelling)

Japanese: サルバドル（英語表記）Salvador

The capital of Bahia State, located on the central east coast of Brazil. Formerly known as São Salvador or Bahia. It is a port city on the Atlantic coast, about 1,200 km north-northeast of Rio de Janeiro, at the southern tip of a small peninsula that separates the Atlantic Ocean from Todos os Santos Bay. One of the oldest cities in Brazil, it was founded in 1549 as the capital of the Portuguese colony in Brazil, and prospered through sugar trade with sugarcane plantations behind it. After the colony's capital was moved to Rio de Janeiro in 1763, it gradually declined economically, but it developed again in the 20th century, and its population has increased rapidly since 1940. As the commercial and industrial center of Bahia State, it ships cocoa, tobacco, sugar, leather, castor beans, diamonds, hardwood, and petroleum, and is home to industries such as food processing, tobacco, textiles, metals, wood processing, leather, shipbuilding, cement, and petrochemicals. The city is divided into two districts. The lowlands facing the bay to the west are home to the port facilities and commercial district, while the hills behind are home to the government district, high-end shopping areas, and residential areas. The two districts are connected by slopes, cable cars, and elevators. During the colonial period, the city was a major center of the slave trade, and as such, many of the residents are black or mixed race, and their culture and customs are evident. The old town also preserves many old colonial-era buildings, such as the Baroque-style Church of St. Francis (1701) and a 17th-century fortress, and was registered as a World Heritage Site in 1985. Blessed with beautiful coastlines, tourism has also developed. It is also a cultural center, with higher education institutions such as the Federal University of Bahia (1946) and the Catholic University of Salvador (1961), as well as various museums. It is a key transportation hub, with active water transport connecting the country and the rest of the world, and is connected to major cities in the country by rail, road, and air. Population: 2,056,013 (1991 estimate).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

ブラジル中部東岸，バイア州の州都。旧称サンサルバドル São Salvador，バイア Bahia。リオデジャネイロの北北東約 1200km，大西洋岸の港湾都市で，大西洋からトドスオスサントス湾を分ける小半島の南端に位置する。ブラジル最古の都市の一つで，1549年ブラジルにおけるポルトガル植民地の首都として建設され，サトウキビのプランテーション地帯を背後に控えた砂糖貿易で繁栄。 1763年植民地の首都がリオデジャネイロに移されてから経済的にもしだいに衰退していったが，20世紀に入って再び発展，1940年以降人口も急増した。バイア州の商工業中心地としてカカオ，タバコ，砂糖，皮革，トウゴマ，ダイヤモンド，硬質材，石油などを積み出し，食品加工，たばこ，繊維，金属，木材加工，皮革，造船，セメント，石油化学などの工業が立地する。市街は二つの地区に分かれ，西の湾に面した低地には港湾施設，商業地区があり，背後の丘には官庁街，高級商店街，住宅街が広がり，両者は坂道，ケーブルカー，エレベータで結ばれる。植民地時代には奴隷貿易の大中心地であったため，住民には黒人やその混血が多く，その文化・習俗がみられる。また旧市街にはバロック様式の聖フランシス聖堂 (1701) や 17世紀の要塞など，植民地時代の古い建築物が多数保存されており，1985年世界遺産の文化遺産に登録。美しい海岸に恵まれていることもあって，観光業も発展。文化中心地でもあり，バイア連邦大学 (1946) ，サルバドル・カトリカ大学 (1961) をはじめとする高等教育機関や各種の博物館がある。交通の要地で，内外と結ぶ水運が盛んなほか，国内主要都市と鉄道，道路，空路で結ばれる。人口 205万 6013 (1991推計) 。

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