A function that assigns the logarithmic value to the variable x. The logarithmic function with base a (a>0, a≠1) is expressed as y=log a x. Since y=log a x means x=a y , the logarithmic function is the inverse function of the exponential function. A graph of y=log a x can be obtained by folding the graph of y= a x around the line y=x as the axis. log a x is a function defined for all positive real numbers x, and log a 1=0. When a>1, it is an increasing function, log a xy=log a x+log a y When calculating the value of a logarithmic function, the following expansion formula is used:
Common logarithms were discovered by the Scotsman Napier around 1615, and were later improved by the Englishman Briggs, and came into general use. Kepler was amazed and delighted to hear the news from Napier, and used it to make calculations that led to the discovery of the famous Kepler's Laws. [Osamu Takenouchi] [References] | | | | | |©Shogakukan "> Graph of a logarithmic function Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
変数xにその対数の値を対応させる関数のこと。a(a>0,a≠1)を底とする対数関数をy=logaxで表す。y=logaxとはx=ayのことだから、対数関数は指数関数の逆関数である。y=logaxのグラフは、y=axのグラフを、直線y=xを軸として折り返せば得られる。logaxは、すべての正の実数xについて定義された関数で、loga1=0である。a>1のときは増加関数で、 logaxy=logax+logay 対数関数の値を計算するとき、次の展開式を利用する。
常用対数は、スコットランドのネーピアによって1615年ころにみいだされ、その後イングランドのブリッグズによって改良され、一般に用いられるようになった。ケプラーはネーピアからの知らせに驚喜してこれを活用し、有名なケプラーの法則の発見に至る計算をしたという。一方、 [竹之内脩] [参照項目] | | | | | |©Shogakukan"> 対数関数のグラフ 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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