Till, Emmett

Japanese: ティル(英語表記)Till, Emmett
Till, Emmett
Born: July 25, 1941 in Chicago, Illinois
[Died] August 28, 1955. Money, Mississippi
Emmett Louis Till was an African-American man who was killed by a white man at the age of 14, and who sparked the expansion of the civil rights movement in the United States. His full name was Emmett Louis Till. He was born to working-class parents living on the South Side of Chicago. In the summer of 1955, he stayed at his great-uncle Moses Wright's house in Money, Mississippi, and helped with the cotton harvest. At the time, hostility towards African-Americans was on the rise, especially in the South, due to the influence of the 1954 U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka that "segregated education in public schools is unconstitutional." Therefore, before he went there, his mother warned him that behavior that was acceptable in the North, such as whistling, could provoke an excessive reaction in the South.
On August 24, 1955, after finishing work for the day, Till and a group of teenage friends went into the town's general store. Accounts of what happened next vary. Some testify that one of the boys encouraged Till to approach Carolyn Bryant, a white woman who worked the cash register at the store. Reports say that as he left the store, Till whistled at her and seduced her by touching her hand or waist. In the early morning hours of August 28 of that year, Till was kidnapped by Carolyn's husband, Roy Bryant, and his brother-in-law, J. W. Millan, and then severely beaten. He had his eyes gouged out, and was killed by a gunshot to the head on the banks of the Tallahatchie River. The men tied his body to the rotor blades of a huge metal cotton gin with barbed wire and lowered it into the river. His body was found in the river a few days later, his face unrecognizable from the violence. His identity was confirmed because he was wearing his father's ring, and his body was transported to his home in Chicago two weeks after the assault. Till's mother left his coffin open, exposing the horrific injuries he had suffered to the tens of thousands who came to his funeral. Photographs of his body were published in magazines and newspapers, and the incident sparked the civil rights movement.

Till
Tyl, Joseph Kajetan

Born: February 4, 1808 in Kutná Hora
[Died] July 11, 1856, Plzeň Czech playwright. He was also active as a novelist, editor, critic, actor, and director, but he mainly contributed to the Czech Literary Revival in the 1830s and 1840s, and was active through theater to promote democratic national spirit. He was the de facto founder of Czech theater, and his works have strong folk elements. His works include the comedy Fidlovačka (1834), the fairy-tale Strakonický dudák (47), and the historical drama Jan Hus (48).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1941.7.25. イリノイ,シカゴ
[没]1955.8.28. ミシシッピ,マネー
14歳で白人に殺され,アメリカ合衆国の公民権運動拡大のきっかけをつくったアフリカ系アメリカ人。フルネーム Emmett Louis Till。シカゴ南部に暮らす労働者階級の両親のもとに生まれた。1955年夏,ミシシッピ州マネーにある,大おじモーゼス・ライトの家に滞在し,綿花の収穫作業を手伝うことになった。当時は,1954年にアメリカ合衆国連邦最高裁判所がブラウン対トピカ教育委員会裁判において「公立学校における人種隔離教育は違憲である」との判決をくだした影響によって,特にアメリカ南部でアフリカ系アメリカ人に対する敵意が増していた。そのため滞在にあたり,母親から,口笛を吹くというような北部では許容されるふるまいも,南部では過剰な反応を引き起こしうることを警告されていた。
1955年8月24日,その日の作業が終わると,ティルは 10代の仲間とともに町の雑貨店に入った。その後起こったことについての説明はさまざまであった。少年たちの一人が,ティルを店のレジにいた白人女性キャロリン・ブライアントに声をかけさせたと証言するものもいた。報告では,ティルが店を出るときにキャロリンに向けて口笛を吹き,手か腰にさわって誘惑したとされた。同年8月28日の早朝,ティルはキャロリンの夫ロイ・ブライアントと義理の兄弟の J.W.ミランによって誘拐されたのち,激しく殴打された。さらに目をえぐられ,タラハッチー川岸で頭部に銃弾を受けて殺害された。遺体は 2人によって巨大な金属製の綿繰機の回転翼に有刺鉄線でくくりつけられ,川に沈められた。数日後,暴行されたために顔が判別不能となった遺体が川で発見された。父親の指輪をはめていたことが決め手となって身元は判明し,ティルの遺体は暴行事件から 2週間後,自宅のあったシカゴに運ばれた。ティルの母親は息子の棺桶を開け放し,葬儀に訪れた数万の人々に息子が受けた暴力の跡を公開した。無残な遺体の写真は雑誌や新聞に掲載され,事件は公民権運動のうねりを生むきっかけとなった。

ティル
Tyl, Josef Kajetán

[生]1808.2.4. クトナーホラ
[没]1856.7.11. プルゼニ
チェコの劇作家。小説家,編集者,評論家,俳優,演出家などとしても活動したが,主として 1830年代から 40年代にチェコの文芸復興運動に貢献,民主的な民族精神の高揚のため演劇を通じて活躍した。チェコ演劇の実際上の創始者で,作品には民衆的な要素が強い。喜劇『フィドロバチカ』 Fidlovačka (1834) ,おとぎ話風の『ストラコニツェのバッグパイプ』 Strakonický dudák (47) ,史劇『ヤン・フス』 Jan Hus (48) など。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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