Sima Yi - Shibai

A military commander in the Three Kingdoms Dynasty of China. His pen name was Zhongda. He was from Wen County, Hechi County (Wen County, Henan Province). He was highly esteemed by Cui Yan and Xun Yu and served Cao Cao, but his talent was viewed with suspicion and he was never promoted to a high position. During the reign of Emperor Wen, the first emperor of Wei, Cao Pi, he rose to the highest administrative position alongside Chen Gong, and during the reign of Emperor Ming, Cao Rui, he was given the title of Grand General of the Army and Commander in Chief of the military forces of Jing, Yu and the two prefectures, qualifying him as a regional commander and executed Meng Da, who rebelled in support of Zhuge Liang (Kong Ming). In 230, he became Grand General and Grand Commander, seizing military power by preventing Zhuge Liang's invasions, and in 234, he forced Zhuge Liang to die at Wuzhang Plains after a protracted battle. After destroying the Gongsun clan of Liaodong, he was temporarily deprived of power by Cao Shuang, who aimed to restore the power of the Cao family. However, in 240, he overthrew Cao Shuang in the Zhengshi Coup and established his power, prevented the Wang Ling Rebellion, and built the foundation of the Sima clan. He had the facial features of a wolf, which allowed him to look back like a wolf, and it is said that he could only turn his face straight back.

[Yoshihiro Watanabe]

“34 Selection of Military Masters from Romance of the Three Kingdoms” by Yoshihiro Watanabe (PHP Bunko)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、三国魏(ぎ)の武将。字(あざな)は仲達(ちゅうたつ)。河内(かだい)郡温(おん)県（河南(かなん)省温県）の人。崔琰(さいえん)・荀彧(じゅんいく)に評価されて曹操(そうそう)に仕えるが、才能を警戒され、高位につくことはなかった。魏の初代皇帝である文帝(ぶんてい)曹丕(そうひ)のときに、陳羣(ちんぐん)と並んで行政の最高位にのぼり、明帝(めいてい)曹叡(そうえい)のときに、撫軍(ぶぐん)大将軍に都督荊豫二州(ととくけいよにしゅう)諸軍事を加えられて、方面軍司令官としての資格を得、諸葛亮(しょかつりょう)（孔明(こうめい)）に呼応して反乱を起こした孟達(もうたつ)を斬った。230年には大将軍・大都督(だいととく)となり、諸葛亮の侵攻を防ぐことを通じて軍事権を掌握し、234年には持久戦により、諸葛亮を五丈原(ごじょうげん)に陣没させた。遼東(りょうとう)の公孫(こうそん)氏を滅ぼしたのち、一時、曹室の権力の建て直しを目ざす曹爽(そうそう)に権力を奪われた。しかし、240年、正始(せいし)の政変により曹爽を打倒して権力を確立、王淩(おうりょう)の乱を未然に防ぎ、司馬氏の基盤をつくりあげた。オオカミのように後ろを振り返ることができる狼顧(ろうこ)の相で、顔だけを真後ろに向けることができたという。

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