A general term for the lichen Usnea genus of the Usnea family. Approximately 40 species are known in Japan. The lichen bodies are thread-like (thin and cylindrical), and many hang down from the trunks and branches of large trees. In cross section, there is a soft central axis surrounded by a medulla and cortex. The lichen bodies are bifurcated and can reach lengths of 40 to 50 centimeters, sometimes producing many thin, short branches. The acrosomes are attached to the tips of the branches and are disc-shaped. Usnea longissima is a typical species commonly found in Japan's coniferous forests, and many of them hang down from the branches of large trees such as Tsuga diversifolia, Abies veitchii, and Larch, creating a unique landscape. The surface of the lichen is somewhat rough, but there are no breaks in the bark, and many thin side branches grow out. Usnea longissima is very similar to Usnea longissima, but Usnea diffracta grows in almost the same places as Usnea longissima. The bark of Usnea longissima's lichen has horizontal, circular cracks. Generally, when people say "Usnea longissima," they are referring to Usnea longissima. Usnea montis-fuji is found in central Japan, mainly around Mount Fuji, and is similar to Usnea longissima, but the surface of the lichen is rougher and it contains salicylic acid and usnic acid as lichen components. The Usnea family is used in traditional Chinese medicine and is called "Shoura." It is said to be effective in treating coughs and tuberculosis, as well as being a diuretic and cardiac stimulant. [Hiroshi Inoue] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
地衣類サルオガセ科サルオガセ属の総称。日本には約40種が知られている。地衣体は糸状(細い円柱状)で、大木の幹や枝から垂れ下がるものが多い。横断面では中央部に柔らかい中軸があり、この周りに髄層、皮層がある。地衣体は二叉(にさ)状に枝分れをし、長いものでは40~50センチメートルになり、ときには細くて短い枝を多数出すこともある。子器は枝の先端につき、円盤状をしている。 ナガサルオガセUsnea longissimaは日本の針葉樹林帯に普通にみられる代表的な種類で、コメツガ、シラベ、カラマツなどの大木の枝から数多く垂れ下がり、独特な景観をつくる。地衣体の表面は多少ざらざらしているが、皮層の切れ目はなく、細長い側枝が多数出る。ナガサルオガセとよく似たものにヨコワサルオガセU. diffractaがあり、ナガサルオガセとほぼ同じような場所に生える。ヨコワサルオガセの地衣体の皮層部には横に環状となる割れ目が入っている。一般にサルオガセという場合はこのヨコワサルオガセをさすことが多い。フジサルオガセU. montis-fujiは富士山を中心とする中部日本に多く、ナガサルオガセに似ているが、地衣体の表面はよりざらざらしており、サラチン酸、ウスニン酸を地衣成分としてもっている。サルオガセの仲間は漢方薬に利用され、「松蘿(しょうら)」とよばれる。咳(せき)止め、結核に効くとされるほか、利尿剤、強心剤としても有効であるという。 [井上 浩] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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