Clarke, FW

Japanese: Clarke,F.W.(英語表記)ClarkeFW
Clarke, FW

…To explain the bonding patterns of compounds containing elements from the third period onwards, where the eight-corner rule may no longer be applicable, British Nevil Vincent Sidgwick (1873-1952) discovered the effective atomic number rule and proposed the concept of coordinate bonds. The theory of covalent bonds in hydrogen molecules was first quantitatively established by W. Heitler and F. London (1927), and was further expanded by John Clarke Slater (1900-76) and LC Pauling, and systematized as the valence bond theory. This is still a useful method today, but around the same time, Friedlich Hund (1896- ), Robert Sanderson Mulliken (1896-1986), Erich Armand Arthur Joseph Hückel (1896-1980), and others developed the molecular orbital theory, which is a quantum theory of valence. …

From Clarke's number

…The abundance of elements in the Earth's surface layer up to 10 miles (about 16 km) below the surface was estimated in 1924 by Clarke FW Clarke and Washington HS Washington. They calculated the abundance of elements by weight using the simple average of the analytical values ​​of 5,159 igneous rocks as the chemical composition of the lithosphere (93.06%), and also adding the composition of seawater (6.91%) and the atmosphere (0.03%).

*Some of the terminology that refers to "Clarke, FW" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…さらに八隅則が適用できなくなることもある第三周期以降の元素を含む化合物の結合様式を説明するため,イギリスのシジウィックNevil Vincent Sidgwick(1873‐1952)は有効原子番号則を発見し,配位結合の考え方を提案した。水素分子の共有結合の理論はW.ハイトラーとF.ロンドンによって初めて定量的基礎が与えられ(1927),さらにスレーターJohn Clarke Slater(1900‐76),L.C.ポーリングによって拡張され,原子価結合法として体系化された。これは今日でもなお有用な手法として利用されているが,一方同じころ,フントFriedlich Hund(1896‐ ),マリケンRobert Sanderson Mulliken(1896‐1986),ヒュッケルErich Armand Arthur Joseph Hückel(1896‐1980)らによって,原子価の量子論である分子軌道法が展開された。…

【クラーク数】より

…1924年,クラークF.W.ClarkeとワシントンH.S.Washingtonによって推定された〈地表下10マイル(約16km)までの地球表層の元素存在度を重量%で表した数値〉。彼らは,火成岩5159個の分析値の単純平均を岩石圏(93.06%)の化学組成とし,海水(6.91%)と大気(0.03%)の組成も加えて,元素存在度を計算した。…

※「Clarke,F.W.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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