A general term for the genus Sarracenia, family Sarraceniaceae (APG classification: Sarraceniaceae). Perennial carnivorous plants, 8-9 species are known. Its English name is North American pitcher plant. Its trumpet-shaped leaves resemble a heishi (a bottle with a long, narrow mouth), and its Japanese name is heishisou. It mainly grows in the swamps of the hills on the eastern side of the Appalachian Mountains in the United States. The stems crawl along the ground and have rhizomes. The leaves grow on the roots, are trumpet-shaped, tubular, green with red, purple, or white veins and markings. The upper end has a lid-shaped leaf piece, and nectar secreted from a nectar gland on the underside attracts insects. The upper part of the inner surface of the tube has upturned hairs, making it difficult for insects that fall to the bottom to escape. The insects digest this with organic acids and digestive enzymes. The yellow or white flowers bloom downwards, one at the end of a leafless flower stalk, in April and May. The five petals fall off in a few days, but the leathery sepals remain for a long time. The upper part of the pistil is large and looks like an open umbrella. [Makoto Togashi April 16, 2021] The Sarraceniaceae family is also classified as Sarraceniaceae in the APG classification. According to this classification, there are 3 genera and 32 species in North and South America. All of them are carnivorous plants and are popular as horticultural plants. [Editorial Department, April 16, 2021] CultivationPlant in a pot in soil with good water retention, such as sphagnum moss. It is cold-tolerant but weak to cold winds. Keep the soil temperature stable to encourage the stems and rhizomes to grow. Repot from spring to summer, with early spring being the best time before the buds begin to sprout. For flowering plants, repot after flowering or the following spring. Fertilize with oil cake or similar from spring to summer. Propagation is by seedlings and division, with seedlings being grown in the fall and division being done during repotting season. At one time, the rhizome was said to be a sure cure for smallpox and was used as a tonic and stomachic, but it is no longer used today. [Makoto Togashi April 16, 2021] The tube has a top diameter of 2-3 cm and prominent brown stripes. The lid-like leaf pieces lean forward. ©Seishohmaru "> Sarracenia rubra The tube has a top diameter of about 5 cm and a prominent mesh pattern. The lid-shaped leaf pieces are wavy. ©Seishohmaru "> Sarracenia leucophylla Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
サラセニア科(APG分類:サラセニア科)サラセニア属の総称。多年生の食虫植物で、8~9種が知られている。North American pitcher plantなどの英名がある。らっぱ状の葉を瓶子(へいし)(口が細長い瓶)に見立て、和名をヘイシソウという。アメリカのアパラチア山脈東側の丘陵地の沼地がおもな生育地である。茎は地表をはい、根茎がある。葉は根生し、らっぱ状の筒形を呈し、緑色に赤色ないし紫色または白色の脈や斑紋(はんもん)がある。上端は蓋(ふた)状の葉片があり、その裏面の蜜腺(みつせん)から分泌する蜜で虫を誘う。筒の内面上部には逆毛があって、下部に落ちた虫は脱出しにくい。これを有機酸や消化酵素で消化する。花は黄色または白色で、4~5月、無葉の花茎の先に1個下向きに開く。花弁は5枚で数日で落ちるが、萼片(がくへん)は革質で長く残る。雌しべの上部は洋傘を広げた形となり大きい。 [冨樫 誠 2021年4月16日] サラセニア科SarraceniaceaeはAPG分類でもサラセニア科とされる。この分類によると、南北アメリカ大陸に3属32種がある。すべて食虫植物であり、園芸植物としても人気がある。 [編集部 2021年4月16日] 栽培ミズゴケなど保水力のある用土で鉢植えにする。耐寒性はあるが寒風には弱い。用土の温度を安定させて、茎と根茎を伸長させる。植え替えは春から夏までで、芽が動く前の春先が適期である。開花株は開花後か翌春に行う。肥料は春から夏に、油かすなどを施す。繁殖は実生(みしょう)、株分けにより、実生は秋、株分けは植え替え期に行う。 一時、根茎が天然痘の特効薬といわれたり、強壮剤、健胃剤として利用されたりしたことがあったが、現在は利用されない。 [冨樫 誠 2021年4月16日] 筒は上部径2~3cm、茶色の筋が目だつ。蓋状の葉片は前傾する©Seishohmaru"> サラセニア・ルブラ 筒は上部径約5cm、網目模様が目だつ。蓋状の葉片は波打つ©Seishohmaru"> サラセニア・レウコフィラ 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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