Burnham, Daniel H.

Japanese: バーナム（英語表記）Burnham, Daniel H.
Burnham, Daniel H.
Born: September 4, 1846, Henderson, New York, USA
Died: June 1, 1912. Heidelberg, Germany. American Chicago School architect and urban planner. Full name: Daniel Hudson Burnham. After serving an apprenticeship at a Chicago architectural firm, he became independent in 1873 and opened a design firm with John W. Root. The 10-story Montauk Block (1881-82) in Chicago was called the first skyscraper and was a pioneering work in terms of foundation structure and fire resistance. He participated as a consulting architect in the World's Columbian Exposition held in Chicago in 1891 and 1893, became president of the American Institute of Architects in 1894, and was invited to become chairman of the Senate Parks Committee, which was in charge of the grand planning of the capital, Washington, DC, in 1901. He also created urban plans for Cleveland (1903), San Francisco (1904), Manila in the Philippines (1905), and Chicago (1909), leading the City Beautiful movement in the early 20th century. Other notable works include the Monadnock Building (1891), the Masonic Temple (1891-92), and the Reliance Building (1890-95).

Barnum
Burnham, James

Born: November 22, 1905, Chicago
Died: July 28, 1987. Kent, Connecticut. American political commentator. In 1929 he became a professor of philosophy at New York University, and from 1955 he served on the editorial board of National Review. He was initially involved in the labor movement and believed in communism, but later converted. He is known for pointing out the separation of management and ownership, and for advocating the theory of managerial revolution, which argues that in modern society, bureaucrats and managers are the main actors of revolution. In 1983 he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom. His main work is The Managerial Revolution (1941).

Barnum
Barnum, Phineas Taylor

Born July 5, 1810 in Bethel, Connecticut
[Died] April 7, 1891. Born in Bridgeport, Connecticut. An American impresario. In 1842, he opened the American Museum, where he held beauty contests and other performances, creating sensational exhibits. He was also famous as the impresario of the circus "The Greatest Show on Earth," which toured the United States every spring for 20 years from 1871, starting with a performance at Madison Square Garden.

Barnum
Varnum, James Mitchell

Born December 17, 1748 in Dracutt, Massachusetts
Died January 10, 1789 in Marietta, Ohio. American lawyer and soldier. During the American Revolutionary War, he served mainly in Rhode Island as a brigadier general in the Continental Army and a major general in the militia. He was a representative to the Continental Congress (1780-1782, 1786, 1787). In 1787, he became a federal judge in the Northwest Territory and moved to Ohio, where he contributed to the development of law in the Northwest.

Barnum
Burnham, Linden Forbes Sampson

Born: February 20, 1923. Kitty Village
Died: August 6, 1985. Georgetown. Guyanese politician. Graduated from the University of London in 1944. A judge in 1948, Minister of Education in 1953, Member of Parliament in 1957 and 1961, Leader of the opposition People's National Congress from 1961 to 1964. Prime Minister from 1964 to 1966. He remained in this position even after Guyana gained independence in May 1966. He was president in 1980. He died of illness while in office.

Barnum
Burnham, Edward Levy Lawson, 1st Baron

[Born] 1833
[Died] 1916
British newspaper entrepreneur. He succeeded his father as head of The Daily Telegraph and made a major contribution to the paper's growth and improvement.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1846.9.4. アメリカ合衆国，ニューヨーク，ヘンダーソン
[没]1912.6.1. ドイツ，ハイデルベルク
アメリカ合衆国，シカゴ派の建築家，都市計画家。フルネーム Daniel Hudson Burnham。シカゴの設計事務所での見習いを経て 1873年に独立，ジョン・W.ルートと共同設計事務所を開設した。シカゴの 10階建てのモントーク・ブロック（1881～82）は最初の摩天楼と呼ばれ，かつ基礎構造や耐火の面からの先駆的作品となった。1891年，1893年にシカゴで開催されたコロンブス世界博覧会に顧問建築家として参画し，1894年アメリカ建築協会の会長の座につき，1901年に首都ワシントン・コロンビア特別区の大計画を司る上院公園委員会の議長に迎えられた。さらに，クリーブランド（1903），サンフランシスコ（1904），フィリピンのマニラ（1905），シカゴ（1909）など各都市の都市計画を作成して，20世紀初頭の都市美運動を先導した。他の代表作に，モナドノック・ビル（1891），メーソニック・テンプル（1891～92），リライアンス・ビル（1890～95）など。

バーナム
Burnham， James

[生]1905.11.22. シカゴ
[没]1987.7.28. コネティカット，ケント
アメリカの政治評論家。 1929年ニューヨーク大学哲学科教授などを経て 1955年以降『National Review』誌編集委員などを歴任。初めは労働運動にかかわり，共産主義を信奉していたが，のちに転向した。経営と所有との分離を指摘して，現代社会では官僚や経営者が革命の主体だとする経営者革命論を唱えたことがよく知られている。 1983年大統領自由勲章を授与される。主著は『経営者革命』 The Managerial Revolution (1941) 。

バーナム
Barnum， Phineas Taylor

[生]1810.7.5. コネティカット，ベセル
[没]1891.4.7. コネティカット，ブリッジポート
アメリカの興行師。 1842年アメリカ博物館を開設し，美女コンテストやさまざまの演芸を上演し，センセーショナルな展示を行なった。また 71年から 20年間，毎年春のマジソン・スクエア・ガーデンにおける興行を皮切りに，アメリカ各地を巡業したサーカス「地上最大のショー」の興行者として有名。

バーナム
Varnum， James Mitchell

[生]1748.12.17. マサチューセッツ，ドレイカット
[没]1789.1.10. オハイオ，マリエッタ
アメリカの法律家，軍人。アメリカ独立戦争では大陸軍准将，民兵軍少将としてロードアイランドを中心に活躍。大陸会議への代表 (1780～82，86，87) 。 1787年北西部領地の連邦判事となりオハイオに移住して，北西部の法律整備に貢献した。

バーナム
Burnham， Linden Forbes Sampson

[生]1923.2.20. キティービレッジ
[没]1985.8.6. ジョージタウン
ガイアナの政治家。 1944年ロンドン大学卒業。 48年裁判官，53年文相，57，61年国会議員，61～64年野党の人民民族会議党首。 64～66年首相。 66年5月ガイアナ独立後も首相に留任。 80年から大統領。在任中に病没。

バーナム
Burnham， Edward Levy Lawson， 1st Baron

[生]1833
[没]1916
イギリスの新聞経営者。父の跡を継いで『デーリー・テレグラフ』紙の経営にあたり，同紙の発展向上に大きく寄与した。

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