Woodpecker (Japanese woodpecker)

Japanese: キツツキ(啄木鳥) - キツツキ（英語表記）woodpecker

A general term for birds in the family Picidae. Birds in this family are mainly adapted to living on tree trunks, with straight, strong, pointed beaks and tail feathers with hard rachises, short but powerful legs, and sharp claws. Most are 8-35cm long, but there are also large species that are nearly 60cm long. Many species have a combination of two or three colors in their plumage, such as black, white, red, green, yellow, or brown, and the main difference between males and females is the color of their heads. Most species live alone in forests in pairs, perching vertically near the base of tree trunks and feeding while climbing straight or in a spiral, then flying off to the trunk of another tree when they have reached the top.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

キツツキ目キツツキ科Picidaeの鳥の総称。この科の鳥はおもに樹幹で生活するのに適応し，まっすぐで先のとがったがんじょうなくちばしと羽軸のかたい尾羽をもち，脚は短いが強力で，つめが鋭い。全長8～35cmのものが多いが，全長60cm近い大型の種もいる。羽色は，黒色，白色，赤色，緑色，黄色，褐色などのうち，2～3色の組合せをもつ種が多く，雌雄は主として頭部の色が異なる。　大部分の種は森林に単独かつがいですみ，樹幹の根もと近くに垂直に止まり，上へまっすぐか，らせんを描いて登りながら採食し，上まで登ると飛び立って別の木の幹に移動する。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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